.env.example

    APP_NAME="Laravel Realworld Example App"
    APP_ENV=local
    APP_KEY=
    APP_DEBUG=true
    APP_URL=http://localhost
    APP_PORT=3000

    LOG_CHANNEL=stack
    LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL=null
    LOG_LEVEL=debug

    DB_CONNECTION=pgsql
    DB_HOST=pgsql
    DB_PORT=5432
    DB_DATABASE=laravel-realworld
    DB_USERNAME=sail
    DB_PASSWORD=password

    BROADCAST_DRIVER=log
    CACHE_DRIVER=file
    FILESYSTEM_DISK=local
    QUEUE_CONNECTION=sync
    SESSION_DRIVER=file
    SESSION_LIFETIME=120

    MEMCACHED_HOST=127.0.0.1

    REDIS_HOST=127.0.0.1
    REDIS_PASSWORD=null
    REDIS_PORT=6379

    MAIL_MAILER=smtp
    MAIL_HOST=mailhog
    MAIL_PORT=1025
    MAIL_USERNAME=null
    MAIL_PASSWORD=null
    MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
    MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS="hello@example.com"
    MAIL_FROM_NAME="${APP_NAME}"

    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=
    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=
    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
    AWS_BUCKET=
    AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT=false

    PUSHER_APP_ID=
    PUSHER_APP_KEY=
    PUSHER_APP_SECRET=
    PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER=mt1

    MIX_PUSHER_APP_KEY="${PUSHER_APP_KEY}"
    MIX_PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER="${PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER}"

    L5_SWAGGER_GENERATE_ALWAYS=true
    SAIL_XDEBUG_MODE=develop,debug
    SAIL_SKIP_CHECKS=true
    
   .gitignore

    /node_modules
    /public/hot
    /public/storage
    /storage/*.key
    /vendor
    .env
    .env.backup
    .phpunit.result.cache
    Homestead.json
    Homestead.yaml
    npm-debug.log
    yarn-error.log
    /.idea
    /.vscode
    /.phpstorm.meta.php
    /_ide_helper.php
    /_ide_helper_models.php
    /coverage.xml
    
   README.md

    # ![Laravel RealWorld Example App](.github/readme/logo.png)

    [![RealWorld: Backend](https://img.shields.io/badge/RealWorld-Backend-blueviolet.svg)](https://github.com/gothinkster/realworld)
    [![Tests: status](https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app/actions/workflows/tests.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app/actions/workflows/tests.yml)
    [![Coverage: percent](https://codecov.io/gh/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app/branch/main/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app)
    [![Static Analysis: status](https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app/actions/workflows/static-analysis.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app/actions/workflows/static-analysis.yml)
    [![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellowgreen.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)

    > Example of a PHP-based Laravel application containing real world examples (CRUD, auth, advanced patterns, etc) that adheres to the [RealWorld](https://github.com/gothinkster/realworld) API spec.

    This codebase was created to demonstrate a backend application built with [Laravel framework](https://laravel.com/) including RESTful services, CRUD operations, authentication, routing, pagination, and more.

    We've gone to great lengths to adhere to the **Laravel framework** community style guides & best practices.

    For more information on how to this works with other frontends/backends, head over to the [RealWorld](https://github.com/gothinkster/realworld) repo.

    ## How it works

    The API is built with [Laravel](https://laravel.com/), making the most of the framework's features out-of-the-box.

    The application is using a custom JWT auth implementation: [`app/Jwt`](./app/Jwt).

    ## Getting started

    The preferred way of setting up the project is using [Laravel Sail](https://laravel.com/docs/sail),
    for that you'll need [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) under Linux / macOS (or Windows WSL2).

    ### Installation

    Clone the repository and change directory:

        git clone https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app.git
        cd laravel-realworld-example-app

    Install dependencies (if you have `composer` locally):

        composer create-project

    Alternatively you can do the same with Docker:

        docker run --rm -it \
            --volume $PWD:/app \
            --user $(id -u):$(id -g) \
            composer create-project

    Start the containers with PHP application and PostgreSQL database:

        ./vendor/bin/sail up -d

    (Optional) Configure a Bash alias for `sail` command:

        alias sail='[ -f sail ] && bash sail || bash vendor/bin/sail'

    Migrate the database with seeding:

        sail artisan migrate --seed

    ## Usage

    The API is available at `http://localhost:3000/api` (You can change the `APP_PORT` in `.env` file).

    ### Run tests

        sail artisan test

    ### Run PHPStan static analysis

        sail php ./vendor/bin/phpstan

    ### OpenAPI specification (not ready yet)

    Swagger UI will be live at [http://localhost:3000/api/documentation](http://localhost:3000/api/documentation).

    For now, please visit the specification [here](https://github.com/gothinkster/realworld/tree/main/api).

    ## Contributions

    Feedback, suggestions, and improvements are welcome, feel free to contribute.

    ## License

    The MIT License (MIT). Please see [`LICENSE`](./LICENSE) for more information.
    
   app
   +---- Auth
   |      +---- JwtGuard.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Auth;

    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use App\Exceptions\JwtParseException;
    use App\Jwt;
    use Illuminate\Auth\GuardHelpers;
    use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Guard;
    use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    use Illuminate\Support\Str;
    use JsonException;

    /**
        * Class JwtGuard
        *
        * @package App\Auth
        * @property \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null $user
        */
    class JwtGuard implements Guard
    {
        use GuardHelpers;

        /**
            * The request instance.
            */
        protected Request $request;

        /**
            * The name of the query string item from the request containing the API token.
            */
        protected string $inputKey;

        /**
            * Create a new authentication guard.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\UserProvider  $provider
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @param  string $inputKey
            * @return void
            */
        public function __construct(
            UserProvider $provider,
            Request $request,
            string $inputKey = 'token')
        {
            $this->request = $request;
            $this->provider = $provider;
            $this->inputKey = $inputKey;
        }

        /**
            * Get the currently authenticated user.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable|null
            */
        public function user()
        {
            // If we've already retrieved the user for the current request we can just
            // return it back immediately. We do not want to fetch the user data on
            // every call to this method because that would be tremendously slow.
            if (! is_null($this->user)) {
                return $this->user;
            }

            $user = null;

            $token = $this->getTokenForRequest();

            if (! empty($token) && is_string($token)) {
                try {
                    $jwt = Jwt\Parser::parse($token);
                } catch (JwtParseException | JsonException) {
                    $jwt = null;
                }

                if ($this->validate([$this->inputKey => $jwt])) {
                    /** @var \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface $jwt */
                    $user = $this->provider->retrieveById(
                        $jwt->getSubject()
                    );
                }
            }

            return $this->user = $user;
        }

        /**
            * Validate a user's credentials.
            *
            * @param  array<string, mixed>  $credentials
            * @return bool
            */
        public function validate(array $credentials = [])
        {
            if (empty($credentials[$this->inputKey])) {
                return false;
            }

            $token = $credentials[$this->inputKey];

            if (! $token instanceof JwtTokenInterface) {
                return false;
            }

            return Jwt\Validator::validate($token);
        }

        /**
            * Get the token for the current request.
            *
            * @return mixed|null
            */
        public function getTokenForRequest()
        {
            $token = $this->jwtToken();

            if (empty($token)) {
                $token = $this->request->query($this->inputKey);
            }

            if (empty($token)) {
                $token = $this->request->input($this->inputKey);
            }

            return $token;
        }

        /**
            * Get the JWT token from the request headers.
            *
            * @return string|null
            */
        public function jwtToken(): ?string
        {
            /** @var string $header */
            $header = $this->request->header('Authorization', '');

            if (Str::startsWith($header, 'Token ')) {
                return Str::substr($header, 6);
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
    
   +---- Console
   |      +---- Kernel.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Console;

    use Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Console\Kernel as ConsoleKernel;

    /**
        * @codeCoverageIgnore
        */
    class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
    {
        /**
            * Define the application's command schedule.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Console\Scheduling\Schedule  $schedule
            * @return void
            */
        protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
        {
            // $schedule->command('inspire')->hourly();
        }

        /**
            * Register the commands for the application.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        protected function commands()
        {
            $this->load(__DIR__.'/Commands');

            require base_path('routes/console.php');
        }
    }
    
   +---- Contracts
   |      +---- JwtBuilderInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    interface JwtBuilderInterface
    {
        /**
            * Start building JwtToken.
            *
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public static function build(): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Add issued at (iat) claim to the payload.
            *
            * @param int $timestamp
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public function issuedAt(int $timestamp): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Add expires at (exp) claim to the payload.
            *
            * @param int $timestamp
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public function expiresAt(int $timestamp): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Add subject (sub) claim to the payload.
            *
            * @param JwtSubjectInterface|mixed $identifier
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public function subject(mixed $identifier): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Add custom claim to the payload.
            *
            * @param string $key
            * @param mixed|null $value
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public function withClaim(string $key, mixed $value = null): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Add custom header.
            *
            * @param string $key
            * @param mixed|null $value
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface
            */
        public function withHeader(string $key, mixed $value = null): JwtBuilderInterface;

        /**
            * Get JwtToken built.
            *
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface
            */
        public function getToken(): JwtTokenInterface;
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtGeneratorInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    interface JwtGeneratorInterface
    {
        /**
            * Generate JWT signature.
            *
            * @param \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface $token
            * @return string
            */
        public static function signature(JwtTokenInterface $token): string;

        /**
            * Generate JWT string.
            *
            * @param \App\Contracts\JwtSubjectInterface $user
            * @return string
            */
        public static function token(JwtSubjectInterface $user): string;
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtParserInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    interface JwtParserInterface
    {
        /**
            * Parse JWT and return JwtToken instance.
            * Use JwtValidator to verify the token.
            *
            * @param string $token
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface
            * @see \App\Contracts\JwtValidatorInterface::validate()
            */
        public static function parse(string $token): JwtTokenInterface;
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtSubjectInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    interface JwtSubjectInterface
    {
        /**
            * Get JWT subject identifier (User Key).
            *
            * @return mixed
            */
        public function getJwtIdentifier(): mixed;
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtTokenInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    use Illuminate\Support\Collection;

    interface JwtTokenInterface
    {
        /**
            * Get default headers.
            *
            * @return array<string>
            */
        public function getDefaultHeaders(): array;

        /**
            * Get a copy of headers set on token.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<string, mixed>
            */
        public function headers(): Collection;

        /**
            * Get a copy of claims set on token.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<string, mixed>
            */
        public function claims(): Collection;

        /**
            * Get saved user-supplied signature.
            *
            * @return string|null
            */
        public function getUserSignature(): ?string;

        /**
            * Put value to payload under a key.
            *
            * @param string $key
            * @param mixed $value
            */
        public function putToPayload(string $key, mixed $value): void;

        /**
            * Put value to header under a key.
            *
            * @param string $key
            * @param mixed $value
            */
        public function putToHeader(string $key, mixed $value): void;

        /**
            * Set user-supplied signature.
            *
            * @param string $signature
            */
        public function setUserSignature(string $signature): void;

        /**
            * Get subject key.
            *
            * @return mixed
            */
        public function getSubject(): mixed;

        /**
            * Get expiration timestamp.
            *
            * @return int
            */
        public function getExpiration(): int;
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtValidatorInterface.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Contracts;

    interface JwtValidatorInterface
    {
        /**
            * Validate JwtToken signature, header, expiration and subject.
            *
            * @param \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface $token
            * @return bool
            */
        public static function validate(JwtTokenInterface $token): bool;
    }
    
   +---- Exceptions
   |      +---- Handler.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Exceptions;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException;
    use Throwable;

    /**
        * @codeCoverageIgnore
        */
    class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
    {
        /**
            * A list of the exception types that are not reported.
            *
            * @var array<int, class-string<Throwable>>
            */
        protected $dontReport = [
            //
        ];

        /**
            * A list of the inputs that are never flashed for validation exceptions.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $dontFlash = [
            'current_password',
            'password',
            'password_confirmation',
        ];

        /**
            * Register the exception handling callbacks for the application.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function register()
        {
            $this->renderable(function (NotFoundHttpException $e) {
                if ($e->getPrevious() instanceof ModelNotFoundException) {
                    return response()->json([
                        'message' => trans('models.resource.404'),
                    ], 404);
                }

                return null;
            });
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- JwtParseException.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Exceptions;

    use Exception;

    class JwtParseException extends Exception
    {
        //
    }
    
   +---- Http
   |      +---- Controllers
   |            +---- Api
   |                  +---- Articles
   |                        +---- ArticleController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\ArticleListRequest;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\FeedRequest;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\NewArticleRequest;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\UpdateArticleRequest;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticlesCollection;
    use App\Models\Article;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Support\Collection;

    class ArticleController extends Controller
    {
        /** @var int Default limit for feed listing. */
        protected const FILTER_LIMIT = 20;

        /** @var int Default offset for feed listing. */
        protected const FILTER_OFFSET = 0;

        /**
            * Display global listing of the articles.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\ArticleListRequest $request
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticlesCollection<Article>
            */
        public function list(ArticleListRequest $request)
        {
            $filter = collect($request->validated());

            $limit = $this->getLimit($filter);
            $offset = $this->getOffset($filter);

            $list = Article::list($limit, $offset);

            if ($tag = $filter->get('tag')) {
                $list->havingTag($tag);
            }

            if ($authorName = $filter->get('author')) {
                $list->ofAuthor($authorName);
            }

            if ($userName = $filter->get('favorited')) {
                $list->favoredByUser($userName);
            }

            return new ArticlesCollection($list->get());
        }

        /**
            * Display article feed for the user.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\FeedRequest $request
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticlesCollection<Article>
            */
        public function feed(FeedRequest $request)
        {
            $filter = collect($request->validated());

            $limit = $this->getLimit($filter);
            $offset = $this->getOffset($filter);

            $feed = Article::list($limit, $offset)
                ->followedAuthorsOf($request->user());

            return new ArticlesCollection($feed->get());
        }

        /**
            * Store a newly created resource in storage.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\NewArticleRequest $request
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            */
        public function create(NewArticleRequest $request)
        {
            /** @var \App\Models\User $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            $attributes = $request->validated();
            $attributes['author_id'] = $user->getKey();

            $tags = Arr::pull($attributes, 'tagList');
            $article = Article::create($attributes);

            if (is_array($tags)) {
                $article->attachTags($tags);
            }

            return (new ArticleResource($article))
                ->response()
                ->setStatusCode(201);
        }

        /**
            * Display the specified resource.
            *
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource
            */
        public function show(string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            return new ArticleResource($article);
        }

        /**
            * Update the specified resource in storage.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\UpdateArticleRequest $request
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource
            * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException
            */
        public function update(UpdateArticleRequest $request, string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            $this->authorize('update', $article);

            $article->update($request->validated());

            return new ArticleResource($article);
        }

        /**
            * Remove the specified resource from storage.
            *
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException
            */
        public function delete(string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            $this->authorize('delete', $article);

            $article->delete(); // cascade

            return response()->json([
                'message' => trans('models.article.deleted'),
            ]);
        }

        /**
            * Get limit from filter.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Support\Collection<string, string> $filter
            * @return int
            */
        private function getLimit(Collection $filter): int
        {
            return (int) ($filter['limit'] ?? static::FILTER_LIMIT);
        }

        /**
            * Get offset from filter.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Support\Collection<string, string> $filter
            * @return int
            */
        private function getOffset(Collection $filter): int
        {
            return (int) ($filter['offset'] ?? static::FILTER_OFFSET);
        }
    }
    
   |                        +---- CommentsController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\NewCommentRequest;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\CommentResource;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\CommentsCollection;
    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Comment;

    class CommentsController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Display a listing of the resource.
            *
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\CommentsCollection<Comment>
            */
        public function list(string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            return new CommentsCollection($article->comments);
        }

        /**
            * Store a newly created resource in storage.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\NewCommentRequest $request
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            */
        public function create(NewCommentRequest $request, string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            /** @var \App\Models\User $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            $comment = Comment::create([
                'article_id' => $article->getKey(),
                'author_id' => $user->getKey(),
                'body' => $request->input('comment.body'),
            ]);

            return (new CommentResource($comment))
                ->response()
                ->setStatusCode(201);
        }

        /**
            * Remove the specified resource from storage.
            *
            * @param string $slug
            * @param mixed $id
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            * @throws \Illuminate\Auth\Access\AuthorizationException
            */
        public function delete(string $slug, $id)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            $comment = $article->comments()
                ->findOrFail((int) $id);

            $this->authorize('delete', $comment);

            $comment->delete();

            return response()->json([
                'message' => trans('models.comment.deleted'),
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   |                        +---- FavoritesController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource;
    use App\Models\Article;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    class FavoritesController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Add article to user's favorites.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource
            */
        public function add(Request $request, string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            /** @var \App\Models\User $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            $user->favorites()->syncWithoutDetaching($article);

            return new ArticleResource($article);
        }

        /**
            * Remove article from user's favorites.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
            * @param string $slug
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ArticleResource
            */
        public function remove(Request $request, string $slug)
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($slug)
                ->firstOrFail();

            /** @var \App\Models\User $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            $user->favorites()->detach($article);

            return new ArticleResource($article);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- AuthController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\LoginRequest;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\NewUserRequest;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\UserResource;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;

    class AuthController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Register new user.
            *
            * @param NewUserRequest $request
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            */
        public function register(NewUserRequest $request)
        {
            $attributes = $request->validated();

            $attributes['password'] = Hash::make($attributes['password']);

            $user = User::create($attributes);

            return (new UserResource($user))
                ->response()
                ->setStatusCode(201);
        }

        /**
            * Login existing user.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\LoginRequest $request
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\UserResource|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            */
        public function login(LoginRequest $request)
        {
            Auth::shouldUse('web');

            if (Auth::attempt($request->validated())) {
                return new UserResource(Auth::user());
            }

            return response()->json([
                'message' => trans('validation.invalid'),
                'errors' => [
                    'user' => [trans('auth.failed')],
                ],
            ], 422);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ProfileController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\ProfileResource;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    class ProfileController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Display the specified resource.
            *
            * @param string $username
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ProfileResource
            */
        public function show(string $username)
        {
            $profile = User::whereUsername($username)
                ->firstOrFail();

            return new ProfileResource($profile);
        }

        /**
            * Follow an author.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
            * @param string $username
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ProfileResource
            */
        public function follow(Request $request, string $username)
        {
            $profile = User::whereUsername($username)
                ->firstOrFail();

            $profile->followers()
                ->syncWithoutDetaching($request->user());

            return new ProfileResource($profile);
        }

        /**
            * Unfollow an author.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request
            * @param string $username
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\ProfileResource
            */
        public function unfollow(Request $request, string $username)
        {
            $profile = User::whereUsername($username)
                ->firstOrFail();

            $profile->followers()->detach($request->user());

            return new ProfileResource($profile);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- TagsController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\TagsCollection;
    use App\Models\Tag;

    class TagsController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Display a listing of the resource.
            *
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\TagsCollection<Tag>
            */
        public function list()
        {
            return new TagsCollection(Tag::all());
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UserController.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;

    use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
    use App\Http\Requests\Api\UpdateUserRequest;
    use App\Http\Resources\Api\UserResource;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    class UserController extends Controller
    {
        /**
            * Display the specified resource.
            *
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\UserResource
            */
        public function show(Request $request)
        {
            return new UserResource($request->user());
        }

        /**
            * Update the specified resource in storage.
            *
            * @param \App\Http\Requests\Api\UpdateUserRequest $request
            * @return \App\Http\Resources\Api\UserResource|\Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse
            */
        public function update(UpdateUserRequest $request)
        {
            if (empty($attrs = $request->validated())) {
                return response()->json([
                    'message' => trans('validation.invalid'),
                    'errors' => [
                        'any' => [trans('validation.required_at_least_one')],
                    ],
                ], 422);
            }

            /** @var \App\Models\User $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            $user->update($attrs);

            return new UserResource($user);
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- Controller.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Controllers;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\AuthorizesRequests;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\DispatchesJobs;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Validation\ValidatesRequests;
    use Illuminate\Routing\Controller as BaseController;

    class Controller extends BaseController
    {
        use AuthorizesRequests, DispatchesJobs, ValidatesRequests;
    }
    
   |      +---- Kernel.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Kernel as HttpKernel;

    class Kernel extends HttpKernel
    {
        /**
            * The application's global HTTP middleware stack.
            *
            * These middleware are run during every request to your application.
            *
            * @var array<int, class-string|string>
            */
        protected $middleware = [
            // \App\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies::class,
            \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\HandleCors::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance::class,
            \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ValidatePostSize::class,
            \App\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings::class,
            \Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\ConvertEmptyStringsToNull::class,
        ];

        /**
            * The application's route middleware groups.
            *
            * @var array<string, array<int, class-string|string>>
            */
        protected $middlewareGroups = [
            'web' => [
                \App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
                \Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\AddQueuedCookiesToResponse::class,
                \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession::class,
                \Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession::class,
                \App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
                \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
            ],

            'api' => [
                // \Laravel\Sanctum\Http\Middleware\EnsureFrontendRequestsAreStateful::class,
                'throttle:api',
                \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\SubstituteBindings::class,
            ],
        ];

        /**
            * The application's route middleware.
            *
            * These middleware may be assigned to groups or used individually.
            *
            * @var array<string, class-string|string>
            */
        protected $routeMiddleware = [
            'auth' => \App\Http\Middleware\Authenticate::class,
            'auth.basic' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\AuthenticateWithBasicAuth::class,
            'auth.session' => \Illuminate\Session\Middleware\AuthenticateSession::class,
            'cache.headers' => \Illuminate\Http\Middleware\SetCacheHeaders::class,
            'can' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authorize::class,
            'guest' => \App\Http\Middleware\RedirectIfAuthenticated::class,
            'password.confirm' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\RequirePassword::class,
            'signed' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ValidateSignature::class,
            'throttle' => \Illuminate\Routing\Middleware\ThrottleRequests::class,
            'verified' => \Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\EnsureEmailIsVerified::class,
        ];
    }
    
   |      +---- Middleware
   |            +---- Authenticate.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Auth\Middleware\Authenticate as Middleware;

    class Authenticate extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * Get the path the user should be redirected to when they are not authenticated.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return string|null
            */
        protected function redirectTo($request)
        {
            if (! $request->expectsJson()) {
                return route('login');
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- EncryptCookies.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Cookie\Middleware\EncryptCookies as Middleware;

    class EncryptCookies extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * The names of the cookies that should not be encrypted.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $except = [
            //
        ];
    }
    
   |            +---- PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance as Middleware;

    class PreventRequestsDuringMaintenance extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * The URIs that should be reachable while maintenance mode is enabled.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $except = [
            //
        ];
    }
    
   |            +---- RedirectIfAuthenticated.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider;
    use Closure;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

    class RedirectIfAuthenticated
    {
        /**
            * Handle an incoming request.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @param  \Closure(\Illuminate\Http\Request): (\Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse)  $next
            * @param  string|null  ...$guards
            * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response|\Illuminate\Http\RedirectResponse
            */
        public function handle(Request $request, Closure $next, ...$guards)
        {
            $guards = empty($guards) ? [null] : $guards;

            foreach ($guards as $guard) {
                if (Auth::guard($guard)->check()) {
                    return redirect(RouteServiceProvider::HOME);
                }
            }

            return $next($request);
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- TrimStrings.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\TrimStrings as Middleware;

    class TrimStrings extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * The names of the attributes that should not be trimmed.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $except = [
            'current_password',
            'password',
            'password_confirmation',
        ];
    }
    
   |            +---- TrustHosts.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustHosts as Middleware;

    class TrustHosts extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * Get the host patterns that should be trusted.
            *
            * @return array<int, string|null>
            */
        public function hosts()
        {
            return [
                $this->allSubdomainsOfApplicationUrl(),
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- TrustProxies.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Http\Middleware\TrustProxies as Middleware;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    class TrustProxies extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * The trusted proxies for this application.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>|string|null
            */
        protected $proxies;

        /**
            * The headers that should be used to detect proxies.
            *
            * @var int
            */
        protected $headers =
            Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_FOR |
            Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_HOST |
            Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PORT |
            Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_PROTO |
            Request::HEADER_X_FORWARDED_AWS_ELB;
    }
    
   |            +---- VerifyCsrfToken.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Middleware;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken as Middleware;

    class VerifyCsrfToken extends Middleware
    {
        /**
            * The URIs that should be excluded from CSRF verification.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $except = [
            //
        ];
    }
    
   |      +---- Requests
   |            +---- Api
   |                  +---- ArticleListRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    class ArticleListRequest extends FeedRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            return array_merge(parent::rules(), [
                'tag' => 'sometimes|string',
                'author' => 'sometimes|string',
                'favorited' => 'sometimes|string',
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- BaseArticleRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Support\Str;
    use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;

    abstract class BaseArticleRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Prepare the data for validation.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        protected function prepareForValidation()
        {
            $input = $this->input();
            $title = Arr::get($input, 'article.title');

            if (is_string($title)) {
                Arr::set($input, 'article.slug', Str::slug($title));
            } else {
                Arr::forget($input, 'article.slug');
            }

            $this->merge($input);
        }

        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            $article = Article::whereSlug($this->route('slug'))
                ->first();

            $unique = Rule::unique('articles', 'slug');
            if ($article !== null) {
                $unique->ignoreModel($article);
            }

            return [
                'title' => ['string', 'max:255'],
                'slug' => ['string', 'max:255', $unique],
                'description' => ['string', 'max:510'],
                'body' => ['string'],
            ];
        }

        /**
            * @return array<mixed>
            */
        public function validationData()
        {
            return Arr::wrap($this->input('article'));
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- FeedRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;

    class FeedRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            return [
                'limit' => 'sometimes|integer|min:0',
                'offset' => 'sometimes|integer|min:0',
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- LoginRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

    class LoginRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            return [
                'email' => 'required|string|email',
                'password' => 'required|string',
            ];
        }

        /**
            * @return array<mixed>
            */
        public function validationData()
        {
            return Arr::wrap($this->input('user'));
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- NewArticleRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    class NewArticleRequest extends BaseArticleRequest
    {
        public function rules()
        {
            return array_merge_recursive(parent::rules(), [
                'title' => ['required'],
                'slug' => ['required'],
                'description' => ['required'],
                'body' => ['required'],
                'tagList' => 'sometimes|array',
                'tagList.*' => 'required|string|max:255',
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- NewCommentRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;

    class NewCommentRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            return [
                'body' => 'required|string',
            ];
        }

        /**
            * @return array<mixed>
            */
        public function validationData()
        {
            return Arr::wrap($this->input('comment'));
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- NewUserRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Validation\Rules\Password;

    class NewUserRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            return [
                'username' => [
                    'required', 'string', 'regex:' . User::REGEX_USERNAME,
                    'max:255', 'unique:users,username'
                ],
                'email' => 'required|string|email|max:255|unique:users,email',
                'password' => [
                    'required', 'string', 'max:255',
                    // we can set additional password requirements below
                    Password::min(8),
                ],
            ];
        }

        /**
            * @return array<mixed>
            */
        public function validationData()
        {
            return Arr::wrap($this->input('user'));
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UpdateArticleRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    class UpdateArticleRequest extends BaseArticleRequest
    {
        public function rules()
        {
            return array_merge_recursive(parent::rules(), [
                'title' => ['required_without_all:description,body'],
                'slug' => ['required_with:title'],
                'description' => ['required_without_all:title,body'],
                'body' => ['required_without_all:title,description'],
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UpdateUserRequest.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Requests\Api;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Validation\Rule;
    use InvalidArgumentException;

    class UpdateUserRequest extends FormRequest
    {
        /**
            * Get the validation rules that apply to the request.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function rules()
        {
            /** @var \App\Models\User|null $user */
            $user = $this->user();

            if ($user === null) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('User not authenticated.');
            }

            return [
                'username' => [
                    'sometimes', 'string', 'max:255', 'regex:' . User::REGEX_USERNAME,
                    Rule::unique('users', 'username')
                        ->ignore($user->getKey()),
                ],
                'email' => [
                    'sometimes', 'string', 'email', 'max:255',
                    Rule::unique('users', 'email')
                        ->ignore($user->getKey()),
                ],
                'bio' => 'sometimes|nullable|string',
                'image' => 'sometimes|nullable|string|url',
            ];
        }

        /**
            * @return array<mixed>
            */
        public function validationData()
        {
            return Arr::wrap($this->input('user'));
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Resources
   |            +---- Api
   |                  +---- ArticleResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

    /**
        * Class ArticleResource
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \App\Models\Article $resource
        */
    class ArticleResource extends JsonResource
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public static $wrap = 'article';

        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            /** @var \App\Models\User|null $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            return [
                'slug' => $this->resource->slug,
                'title' => $this->resource->title,
                'description' => $this->resource->description,
                'body' => $this->resource->body,
                'tagList' => new TagsCollection($this->resource->tags),
                'createdAt' => $this->resource->created_at,
                'updatedAt' => $this->resource->updated_at,
                'favorited' => $this->when($user !== null, fn() =>
                    $this->resource->favoredBy($user)
                ),
                'favoritesCount' => $this->resource->favoredUsers->count(),
                'author' => new ProfileResource($this->resource->author),
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ArticlesCollection.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\ResourceCollection;

    /**
        * Class ArticlesCollection
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Collection<\App\Models\Article> $collection
        */
    class ArticlesCollection extends ResourceCollection
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string|null
            */
        public static $wrap = 'articles';

        /**
            * The resource that this resource collects.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public $collects = ArticleResource::class;

        /**
            * Get additional data that should be returned with the resource array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function with($request)
        {
            return [
                'articlesCount' => $this->collection->count(),
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- BaseUserResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

    /**
        * Class BaseUserResource
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \App\Models\User $resource
        */
    abstract class BaseUserResource extends JsonResource
    {
        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            return [
                'username' => $this->resource->username,
                'bio' => $this->resource->bio,
                'image' => $this->resource->image,
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- CommentResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

    /**
        * Class CommentResource
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \App\Models\Comment $resource
        */
    class CommentResource extends JsonResource
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public static $wrap = 'comment';

        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            return [
                'id' => $this->resource->getKey(),
                'createdAt' => $this->resource->created_at,
                'updatedAt' => $this->resource->updated_at,
                'body' => $this->resource->body,
                'author' => new ProfileResource($this->resource->author),
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- CommentsCollection.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\ResourceCollection;

    /**
        * Class CommentsCollection
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Collection<\App\Models\Comment> $collection
        */
    class CommentsCollection extends ResourceCollection
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string|null
            */
        public static $wrap = 'comments';

        /**
            * The resource that this resource collects.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public $collects = CommentResource::class;
    }
    
   |                  +---- ProfileResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    class ProfileResource extends BaseUserResource
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public static $wrap = 'profile';

        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            /** @var \App\Models\User|null $user */
            $user = $request->user();

            return array_merge(parent::toArray($request), [
                'following' => $this->when($user !== null, fn() =>
                    $user->following($this->resource)
                ),
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- TagResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\JsonResource;

    /**
        * Class TagResource
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \App\Models\Tag $resource
        */
    class TagResource extends JsonResource
    {
        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            return [
                'name' => $this->resource->name,
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- TagsCollection.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use Illuminate\Http\Resources\Json\ResourceCollection;

    /**
        * Class TagsCollection
        *
        * @package App\Http\Resources
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Collection<\App\Models\Tag> $collection
        */
    class TagsCollection extends ResourceCollection
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string|null
            */
        public static $wrap = 'tags';

        /**
            * The resource that this resource collects.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public $collects = TagResource::class;

        /**
            * Transform the resource collection into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection<int, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            return $this->collection->pluck('name');
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UserResource.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Http\Resources\Api;

    use App\Jwt;

    class UserResource extends BaseUserResource
    {
        /**
            * The "data" wrapper that should be applied.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public static $wrap = 'user';

        /**
            * Transform the resource into an array.
            *
            * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function toArray($request)
        {
            return array_merge(parent::toArray($request), [
                'email' => $this->resource->email,
                'token' => Jwt\Generator::token($this->resource),
            ]);
        }
    }
    
   +---- Jwt
   |      +---- Builder.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Jwt;

    use App\Contracts\JwtBuilderInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtSubjectInterface;

    class Builder implements JwtBuilderInterface
    {
        private JwtTokenInterface $jwt;

        public function __construct()
        {
            $this->jwt = new Token();
        }

        public static function build(): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            return new self();
        }

        public function issuedAt(int $timestamp): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            $this->jwt->putToPayload('iat', $timestamp);

            return $this;
        }

        public function expiresAt(int $timestamp): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            $this->jwt->putToPayload('exp', $timestamp);

            return $this;
        }

        public function subject(mixed $identifier): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            if ($identifier instanceof JwtSubjectInterface) {
                $identifier = $identifier->getJwtIdentifier();
            }

            $this->jwt->putToPayload('sub', $identifier);

            return $this;
        }

        public function withClaim(string $key, mixed $value = null): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            $this->jwt->putToPayload($key, $value);

            return $this;
        }

        public function withHeader(string $key, mixed $value = null): JwtBuilderInterface
        {
            $this->jwt->putToHeader($key, $value);

            return $this;
        }

        public function getToken(): JwtTokenInterface
        {
            return $this->jwt;
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Generator.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Jwt;

    use App\Contracts\JwtGeneratorInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtSubjectInterface;
    use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
    use InvalidArgumentException;

    class Generator implements JwtGeneratorInterface
    {
        public static function signature(JwtTokenInterface $token): string
        {
            $secret = config('app.key');

            if ($secret === null) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('No APP_KEY specified.');
            }

            $encodedData = self::encodeData($token);

            return hash_hmac('sha256', $encodedData, $secret);
        }

        public static function token(JwtSubjectInterface $user): string
        {
            $now = Carbon::now();
            $expiresIn = (int) config('jwt.expiration');
            $expiresAt = $now->addSeconds($expiresIn);

            $token = Builder::build()
                ->subject($user)
                ->issuedAt($now->getTimestamp())
                ->expiresAt($expiresAt->getTimestamp())
                ->getToken();

            $parts = [
                self::encodeData($token),
                base64_encode(self::signature($token)),
            ];

            return implode('.', $parts);
        }

        /**
            * Encode JwtToken headers and payload.
            *
            * @param \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface $token
            * @return string
            */
        private static function encodeData(JwtTokenInterface $token): string
        {
            $jsonParts = [
                $token->headers()->toJson(),
                $token->claims()->toJson(),
            ];

            $encoded = array_map('base64_encode', $jsonParts);

            return implode('.', $encoded);
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Parser.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Jwt;

    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtParserInterface;
    use App\Exceptions\JwtParseException;

    class Parser implements JwtParserInterface
    {
        /**
            * @param string $token
            * @return \App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface
            * @throws \App\Exceptions\JwtParseException
            * @throws \JsonException
            */
        public static function parse(string $token): JwtTokenInterface
        {
            $parts = explode('.', $token);

            if (count($parts) !== 3) {
                throw new JwtParseException('JwtToken parts count does not match.');
            }

            $base64Decoded = array_map(function ($part) {
                /** @var false|string $decoded */
                $decoded = base64_decode($part, true);

                if ($decoded === false) {
                    throw new JwtParseException('JwtToken parts base64 decode error.');
                }

                return $decoded;
            }, $parts);

            [$jsonHeader, $jsonPayload, $signature] = $base64Decoded;

            $jsonDecoded = array_map(fn (string $part) =>
                json_decode($part, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR),
                [$jsonHeader, $jsonPayload]
            );

            [$header, $payload] = $jsonDecoded;

            return new Token($header, $payload, $signature);
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Token.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Jwt;

    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use Illuminate\Support\Collection;

    class Token implements JwtTokenInterface
    {
        /** User-supplied signature */
        private ?string $signature;

        /** @var Collection<string, mixed> */
        private Collection $header;

        /** @var Collection<string, mixed> */
        private Collection $payload;

        /**
            * Token constructor.
            *
            * @param array<string, mixed>|null $headers
            * @param array<string, mixed>|null $claims
            * @param string|null $signature User-supplied signature
            */
        public function __construct(
            array $headers = null,
            array $claims = null,
            string $signature = null)
        {
            $this->header = collect(
                array_merge($this->getDefaultHeaders(), $headers ?? [])
            );
            $this->payload = collect($claims);
            $this->signature = $signature;
        }

        public function getDefaultHeaders(): array
        {
            $headers = config('jwt.headers');

            return is_array($headers) ? $headers : [];
        }

        public function headers(): Collection
        {
            return clone $this->header;
        }

        public function claims(): Collection
        {
            return clone $this->payload;
        }

        public function getUserSignature(): ?string
        {
            return $this->signature;
        }

        public function putToPayload(string $key, mixed $value): void
        {
            $this->payload->put($key, $value);
        }

        public function putToHeader(string $key, mixed $value): void
        {
            $this->header->put($key, $value);
        }

        public function setUserSignature(string $signature): void
        {
            $this->signature = $signature;
        }

        public function getSubject(): mixed
        {
            return $this->payload->get('sub');
        }

        public function getExpiration(): int
        {
            return (int) $this->payload->get('exp');
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Validator.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Jwt;

    use App\Contracts\JwtTokenInterface;
    use App\Contracts\JwtValidatorInterface;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;

    class Validator implements JwtValidatorInterface
    {
        public static function validate(JwtTokenInterface $token): bool
        {
            $signature = $token->getUserSignature();
            if ($signature === null) {
                return false;
            }
            if (!hash_equals(Generator::signature($token), $signature)) {
                return false;
            }

            $headers = $token->headers();
            if ($headers->get('alg') !== 'HS256'
                || $headers->get('typ') !== 'JWT') {
                return false;
            }

            $expiresAt = $token->getExpiration();
            if ($expiresAt === 0) {
                return false;
            }
            $expirationDate = Carbon::createFromTimestamp($expiresAt);
            $currentDate = Carbon::now();
            if ($expirationDate->lessThan($currentDate)) {
                return false;
            }

            $subject = $token->getSubject();
            if (User::whereKey($subject)->doesntExist()) {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
    
   +---- Models
   |      +---- Article.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Models;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

    /**
        * App\Models\Article
        *
        * @property int $id
        * @property int $author_id
        * @property string $slug
        * @property string $title
        * @property string $description
        * @property string $body
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $created_at
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $updated_at
        * @property-read \App\Models\User $author
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Comment[] $comments
        * @property-read int|null $comments_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\User[] $favoredUsers
        * @property-read int|null $favored_users_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Tag[] $tags
        * @property-read int|null $tags_count
        * @method static \Database\Factories\ArticleFactory factory(...$parameters)
        * @method static Builder|Article favoredByUser(string $username)
        * @method static Builder|Article followedAuthorsOf(\App\Models\User $user)
        * @method static Builder|Article havingTag(string $tag)
        * @method static Builder|Article list(int $take, int $skip)
        * @method static Builder|Article newModelQuery()
        * @method static Builder|Article newQuery()
        * @method static Builder|Article ofAuthor(string $username)
        * @method static Builder|Article query()
        * @method static Builder|Article whereAuthorId($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereBody($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereCreatedAt($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereDescription($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereId($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereSlug($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereTitle($value)
        * @method static Builder|Article whereUpdatedAt($value)
        * @mixin \Eloquent
        */
    class Article extends Model
    {
        use HasFactory;

        /**
            * The attributes that are mass assignable.
            *
            * @var string[]
            */
        protected $fillable = [
            'author_id',
            'slug',
            'title',
            'description',
            'body',
        ];

        /**
            * Determine if user favored the article.
            *
            * @param \App\Models\User $user
            * @return bool
            */
        public function favoredBy(User $user): bool
        {
            return $this->favoredUsers()
                ->whereKey($user->getKey())
                ->exists();
        }

        /**
            * Scope article list.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self> $query
            * @param int $take
            * @param int $skip
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self>
            */
        public function scopeList(Builder $query, int $take, int $skip): Builder
        {
            return $query->latest()
                ->limit($take)
                ->offset($skip);
        }

        /**
            * Scope articles having a tag.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self> $query
            * @param string $tag
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self>
            */
        public function scopeHavingTag(Builder $query, string $tag): Builder
        {
            return $query->whereHas('tags', fn (Builder $builder) =>
                $builder->where('name', $tag)
            );
        }

        /**
            * Scope to article author.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self> $query
            * @param string $username
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self>
            */
        public function scopeOfAuthor(Builder $query, string $username): Builder
        {
            return $query->whereHas('author', fn (Builder $builder) =>
                $builder->where('username', $username)
            );
        }

        /**
            * Scope articles to favored by a user.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self> $query
            * @param string $username
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self>
            */
        public function scopeFavoredByUser(Builder $query, string $username): Builder
        {
            return $query->whereHas('favoredUsers', fn (Builder $builder) =>
                $builder->where('username', $username)
            );
        }

        /**
            * Scope articles to author's of a user.
            *
            * @param \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self> $query
            * @param \App\Models\User $user
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder<self>
            */
        public function scopeFollowedAuthorsOf(Builder $query, User $user): Builder
        {
            return $query->whereHas('author', fn (Builder $builder) =>
                $builder->whereIn('id', $user->authors->pluck('id'))
            );
        }

        /**
            * Attach tags to article.
            *
            * @param array<string> $tags
            */
        public function attachTags(array $tags): void
        {
            foreach ($tags as $tagName) {
                $tag = Tag::firstOrCreate([
                    'name' => $tagName,
                ]);

                $this->tags()->syncWithoutDetaching($tag);
            }
        }

        /**
            * Article author.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo<User, self>
            */
        public function author()
        {
            return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
        }

        /**
            * Article tags.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<Tag>
            */
        public function tags()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(Tag::class);
        }

        /**
            * Get the comments for the article.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany<Comment>
            */
        public function comments()
        {
            return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
        }

        /**
            * Get users favored the article.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<User>
            */
        public function favoredUsers()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'article_favorite');
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Comment.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Models;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

    /**
        * App\Models\Comment
        *
        * @property int $id
        * @property int $article_id
        * @property int $author_id
        * @property string $body
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $created_at
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $updated_at
        * @property-read \App\Models\Article $article
        * @property-read \App\Models\User $author
        * @method static \Database\Factories\CommentFactory factory(...$parameters)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment newModelQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment newQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment query()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereArticleId($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereAuthorId($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereBody($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereCreatedAt($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereId($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Comment whereUpdatedAt($value)
        * @mixin \Eloquent
        */
    class Comment extends Model
    {
        use HasFactory;

        /**
            * The attributes that are mass assignable.
            *
            * @var string[]
            */
        protected $fillable = [
            'article_id',
            'author_id',
            'body',
        ];

        /**
            * Comment's article.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo<Article, self>
            */
        public function article()
        {
            return $this->belongsTo(Article::class);
        }

        /**
            * Comment's author.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo<User, self>
            */
        public function author()
        {
            return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Tag.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Models;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

    /**
        * App\Models\Tag
        *
        * @property int $id
        * @property string $name
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $created_at
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $updated_at
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Article[] $articles
        * @property-read int|null $articles_count
        * @method static \Database\Factories\TagFactory factory(...$parameters)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag newModelQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag newQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag query()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag whereCreatedAt($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag whereId($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag whereName($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|Tag whereUpdatedAt($value)
        * @mixin \Eloquent
        */
    class Tag extends Model
    {
        use HasFactory;

        /**
            * The attributes that are mass assignable.
            *
            * @var string[]
            */
        protected $fillable = [
            'name',
        ];

        /**
            * Tagged articles.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<Article>
            */
        public function articles()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(Article::class);
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- User.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Models;

    use App\Contracts\JwtSubjectInterface;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
    use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
    use Laravel\Sanctum\HasApiTokens;

    /**
        * App\Models\User
        *
        * @property int $id
        * @property string|null $name
        * @property string $email
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $email_verified_at
        * @property string $password
        * @property string|null $remember_token
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $created_at
        * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon|null $updated_at
        * @property string $username
        * @property string|null $bio
        * @property string|null $image
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Article[] $articles
        * @property-read int|null $articles_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|User[] $authors
        * @property-read int|null $authors_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Comment[] $comments
        * @property-read int|null $comments_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\App\Models\Article[] $favorites
        * @property-read int|null $favorites_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|User[] $followers
        * @property-read int|null $followers_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Notifications\DatabaseNotificationCollection|\Illuminate\Notifications\DatabaseNotification[] $notifications
        * @property-read int|null $notifications_count
        * @property-read \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection|\Laravel\Sanctum\PersonalAccessToken[] $tokens
        * @property-read int|null $tokens_count
        * @method static \Database\Factories\UserFactory factory(...$parameters)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User newModelQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User newQuery()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User query()
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereBio($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereCreatedAt($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereEmail($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereEmailVerifiedAt($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereId($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereImage($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereName($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User wherePassword($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereRememberToken($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereUpdatedAt($value)
        * @method static \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Builder|User whereUsername($value)
        * @mixin \Eloquent
        */
    class User extends Authenticatable implements JwtSubjectInterface
    {
        use HasApiTokens, HasFactory, Notifiable;

        /**
            * Regular expression for username.
            */
        public const REGEX_USERNAME = '/^[\pL\pM\pN._-]+$/u';

        /**
            * The attributes that are mass assignable.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $fillable = [
            'username',
            'email',
            'password',
            'bio',
            'image',
        ];

        /**
            * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
            *
            * @var array<int, string>
            */
        protected $hidden = [
            'password',
            'remember_token',
        ];

        /**
            * The attributes that should be cast.
            *
            * @var array<string, string>
            */
        protected $casts = [
            'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
        ];

        public function getJwtIdentifier(): mixed
        {
            return $this->getKey();
        }

        /**
            * Determine if user is following an author.
            *
            * @param \App\Models\User $author
            * @return bool
            */
        public function following(User $author): bool
        {
            return $this->authors()
                ->whereKey($author->getKey())
                ->exists();
        }

        /**
            * Determine if author followed by a user.
            *
            * @param \App\Models\User $follower
            * @return bool
            */
        public function followedBy(User $follower): bool
        {
            return $this->followers()
                ->whereKey($follower->getKey())
                ->exists();
        }

        /**
            * The authors that the user follows.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<User>
            */
        public function authors()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'author_follower', 'author_id', 'follower_id');
        }

        /**
            * The followers of the author.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<User>
            */
        public function followers()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(User::class, 'author_follower', 'follower_id', 'author_id');
        }

        /**
            * Get the comments of the user.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany<Comment>
            */
        public function comments()
        {
            return $this->hasMany(Comment::class, 'author_id');
        }

        /**
            * Get user written articles.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\HasMany<Article>
            */
        public function articles()
        {
            return $this->hasMany(Article::class, 'author_id');
        }

        /**
            * Get user favorite articles.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany<Article>
            */
        public function favorites()
        {
            return $this->belongsToMany(Article::class, 'article_favorite');
        }
    }
    
   +---- Policies
   |      +---- ArticlePolicy.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Policies;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Auth\Access\HandlesAuthorization;

    class ArticlePolicy
    {
        use HandlesAuthorization;

        /**
            * Determine whether the user can update the model.
            *
            * @param  \App\Models\User  $user
            * @param  \App\Models\Article  $article
            * @return bool
            */
        public function update(User $user, Article $article): bool
        {
            return $user->getKey() === $article->author->getKey();
        }

        /**
            * Determine whether the user can delete the model.
            *
            * @param  \App\Models\User  $user
            * @param  \App\Models\Article  $article
            * @return bool
            */
        public function delete(User $user, Article $article): bool
        {
            return $this->update($user, $article);
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- CommentPolicy.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Policies;

    use App\Models\Comment;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Auth\Access\HandlesAuthorization;

    class CommentPolicy
    {
        use HandlesAuthorization;

        /**
            * Determine whether the user can delete the model.
            *
            * @param  \App\Models\User  $user
            * @param  \App\Models\Comment  $comment
            * @return bool
            */
        public function delete(User $user, Comment $comment): bool
        {
            return $user->getKey() === $comment->author->getKey();
        }
    }
    
   +---- Providers
   |      +---- AppServiceProvider.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

    class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
            * Register any application services.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function register()
        {
            //
        }

        /**
            * Bootstrap any application services.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function boot()
        {
            //
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- AuthServiceProvider.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use App\Auth\JwtGuard;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\AuthServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
    use InvalidArgumentException;

    class AuthServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
            * The policy mappings for the application.
            *
            * @var array<class-string, class-string>
            */
        protected $policies = [
            // 'App\Models\Model' => 'App\Policies\ModelPolicy',
        ];

        /**
            * Register any authentication / authorization services.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function boot()
        {
            $this->registerPolicies();

            Auth::extend('jwt', function ($app, $name, array $config) {
                $provider = Auth::createUserProvider($config['provider'] ?? null);

                if ($provider === null) {
                    throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid UserProvider config specified.');
                }

                return new JwtGuard($provider, $app['request'], $config['input_key'] ?? 'token');
            });
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- BroadcastServiceProvider.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Broadcast;
    use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

    class BroadcastServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
            * Bootstrap any application services.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function boot()
        {
            Broadcast::routes();

            require base_path('routes/channels.php');
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- EventServiceProvider.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use Illuminate\Auth\Events\Registered;
    use Illuminate\Auth\Listeners\SendEmailVerificationNotification;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\EventServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Event;

    class EventServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
            * The event listener mappings for the application.
            *
            * @var array<class-string, array<int, class-string>>
            */
        protected $listen = [
            /*Registered::class => [
                SendEmailVerificationNotification::class,
            ],*/
        ];

        /**
            * Register any events for your application.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function boot()
        {
            //
        }

        /**
            * Determine if events and listeners should be automatically discovered.
            *
            * @return bool
            */
        public function shouldDiscoverEvents()
        {
            return false;
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- RouteServiceProvider.php

    <?php

    namespace App\Providers;

    use Illuminate\Cache\RateLimiting\Limit;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Support\Providers\RouteServiceProvider as ServiceProvider;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\RateLimiter;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

    class RouteServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
    {
        /**
            * The path to the "home" route for your application.
            *
            * This is used by Laravel authentication to redirect users after login.
            *
            * @var string
            */
        public const HOME = '/home';

        /**
            * Define your route model bindings, pattern filters, etc.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function boot()
        {
            $this->configureRateLimiting();

            $this->routes(function () {
                Route::prefix('api')
                    ->middleware('api')
                    ->group(base_path('routes/api.php'));

                Route::middleware('web')
                    ->group(base_path('routes/web.php'));
            });
        }

        /**
            * Configure the rate limiters for the application.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        protected function configureRateLimiting()
        {
            RateLimiter::for('api', function (Request $request) {
                return Limit::perMinute(60)->by($request->user()?->id ?: $request->ip());
            });
        }
    }
    
   bootstrap
   +---- app.php

    <?php

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Create The Application
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | The first thing we will do is create a new Laravel application instance
    | which serves as the "glue" for all the components of Laravel, and is
    | the IoC container for the system binding all of the various parts.
    |
    */

    $app = new Illuminate\Foundation\Application(
        $_ENV['APP_BASE_PATH'] ?? dirname(__DIR__)
    );

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Bind Important Interfaces
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Next, we need to bind some important interfaces into the container so
    | we will be able to resolve them when needed. The kernels serve the
    | incoming requests to this application from both the web and CLI.
    |
    */

    $app->singleton(
        Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class,
        App\Http\Kernel::class
    );

    $app->singleton(
        Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel::class,
        App\Console\Kernel::class
    );

    $app->singleton(
        Illuminate\Contracts\Debug\ExceptionHandler::class,
        App\Exceptions\Handler::class
    );

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Return The Application
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This script returns the application instance. The instance is given to
    | the calling script so we can separate the building of the instances
    | from the actual running of the application and sending responses.
    |
    */

    return $app;
    
   +---- cache
   |      +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   composer.json

    {
        "name": "f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app",
        "type": "project",
        "description": "Laravel framework RealWorld backend implementation.",
        "keywords": ["laravel", "jwt", "crud", "demo-app", "realworld", "rest-api"],
        "homepage": "https://github.com/f1amy/laravel-realworld-example-app",
        "license": "MIT",
        "require": {
            "php": "^8.0.2",
            "ext-json": "*",
            "ext-pdo": "*",
            "darkaonline/l5-swagger": "^8.3",
            "guzzlehttp/guzzle": "^7.2",
            "laravel/framework": "^9.2",
            "laravel/sanctum": "^2.14.1",
            "laravel/tinker": "^2.7"
        },
        "require-dev": {
            "barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper": "^2.12",
            "brianium/paratest": "^6.4",
            "fakerphp/faker": "^1.9.1",
            "laravel/sail": "^1.0.1",
            "mockery/mockery": "^1.4.4",
            "nunomaduro/collision": "^6.1",
            "nunomaduro/larastan": "^2.1",
            "phpstan/extension-installer": "^1.1",
            "phpstan/phpstan": "^1.4",
            "phpstan/phpstan-phpunit": "^1.0",
            "phpunit/phpunit": "^9.5.10",
            "roave/security-advisories": "dev-latest",
            "spatie/laravel-ignition": "^1.0"
        },
        "autoload": {
            "psr-4": {
                "App\\": "app/",
                "Database\\Factories\\": "database/factories/",
                "Database\\Seeders\\": "database/seeders/"
            }
        },
        "autoload-dev": {
            "psr-4": {
                "Tests\\": "tests/"
            }
        },
        "scripts": {
            "post-autoload-dump": [
                "Illuminate\\Foundation\\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump",
                "@php artisan package:discover --ansi"
            ],
            "post-update-cmd": [
                "@php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force",
                "[ $COMPOSER_DEV_MODE -eq 0 ] || $PHP_BINARY artisan ide-helper:generate -WHM",
                "[ $COMPOSER_DEV_MODE -eq 0 ] || $PHP_BINARY artisan ide-helper:meta"
            ],
            "post-root-package-install": [
                "@php -r \"file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
            ],
            "post-create-project-cmd": [
                "@php artisan key:generate --ansi"
            ]
        },
        "extra": {
            "laravel": {
                "dont-discover": []
            }
        },
        "config": {
            "optimize-autoloader": true,
            "preferred-install": "dist",
            "sort-packages": true,
            "platform": {
                "php": "8.0.2"
            },
            "allow-plugins": {
                "phpstan/extension-installer": true
            }
        },
        "minimum-stability": "dev",
        "prefer-stable": true
    }
    
   config
   +---- app.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Facade;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Name
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This value is the name of your application. This value is used when the
        | framework needs to place the application's name in a notification or
        | any other location as required by the application or its packages.
        |
        */

        'name' => env('APP_NAME', 'Laravel'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Environment
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This value determines the "environment" your application is currently
        | running in. This may determine how you prefer to configure various
        | services the application utilizes. Set this in your ".env" file.
        |
        */

        'env' => env('APP_ENV', 'production'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Debug Mode
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When your application is in debug mode, detailed error messages with
        | stack traces will be shown on every error that occurs within your
        | application. If disabled, a simple generic error page is shown.
        |
        */

        'debug' => (bool) env('APP_DEBUG', false),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application URL
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This URL is used by the console to properly generate URLs when using
        | the Artisan command line tool. You should set this to the root of
        | your application so that it is used when running Artisan tasks.
        |
        */

        'url' => env('APP_URL', 'http://localhost'),

        'asset_url' => env('ASSET_URL'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Timezone
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify the default timezone for your application, which
        | will be used by the PHP date and date-time functions. We have gone
        | ahead and set this to a sensible default for you out of the box.
        |
        */

        'timezone' => 'UTC',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Locale Configuration
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The application locale determines the default locale that will be used
        | by the translation service provider. You are free to set this value
        | to any of the locales which will be supported by the application.
        |
        */

        'locale' => 'en',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Application Fallback Locale
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The fallback locale determines the locale to use when the current one
        | is not available. You may change the value to correspond to any of
        | the language folders that are provided through your application.
        |
        */

        'fallback_locale' => 'en',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Faker Locale
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This locale will be used by the Faker PHP library when generating fake
        | data for your database seeds. For example, this will be used to get
        | localized telephone numbers, street address information and more.
        |
        */

        'faker_locale' => 'en_US',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Encryption Key
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This key is used by the Illuminate encrypter service and should be set
        | to a random, 32 character string, otherwise these encrypted strings
        | will not be safe. Please do this before deploying an application!
        |
        */

        'key' => env('APP_KEY'),

        'cipher' => 'AES-256-CBC',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Autoloaded Service Providers
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The service providers listed here will be automatically loaded on the
        | request to your application. Feel free to add your own services to
        | this array to grant expanded functionality to your applications.
        |
        */

        'providers' => [

            /*
                * Laravel Framework Service Providers...
                */
            Illuminate\Auth\AuthServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Broadcasting\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Bus\BusServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Cache\CacheServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\ConsoleSupportServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Cookie\CookieServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Database\DatabaseServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Encryption\EncryptionServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Filesystem\FilesystemServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Foundation\Providers\FoundationServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Hashing\HashServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Mail\MailServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Notifications\NotificationServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Pagination\PaginationServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Pipeline\PipelineServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Queue\QueueServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Redis\RedisServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordResetServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Session\SessionServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Translation\TranslationServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\Validation\ValidationServiceProvider::class,
            Illuminate\View\ViewServiceProvider::class,

            /*
                * Package Service Providers...
                */

            /*
                * Application Service Providers...
                */
            App\Providers\AppServiceProvider::class,
            App\Providers\AuthServiceProvider::class,
            // App\Providers\BroadcastServiceProvider::class,
            App\Providers\EventServiceProvider::class,
            App\Providers\RouteServiceProvider::class,

        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Class Aliases
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This array of class aliases will be registered when this application
        | is started. However, feel free to register as many as you wish as
        | the aliases are "lazy" loaded so they don't hinder performance.
        |
        */

        'aliases' => Facade::defaultAliases()->merge([
            // 'ExampleClass' => App\Example\ExampleClass::class,
        ])->toArray(),

    ];
    
   +---- auth.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Authentication Defaults
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default authentication "guard" and password
        | reset options for your application. You may change these defaults
        | as required, but they're a perfect start for most applications.
        |
        */

        'defaults' => [
            'guard' => 'api',
            'passwords' => 'users',
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Authentication Guards
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Next, you may define every authentication guard for your application.
        | Of course, a great default configuration has been defined for you
        | here which uses session storage and the Eloquent user provider.
        |
        | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
        | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
        | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
        |
        | Supported: "session", "jwt"
        |
        */

        'guards' => [
            'web' => [
                'driver' => 'session',
                'provider' => 'users',
            ],

            'api' => [
                'driver' => 'jwt',
                'provider' => 'users',
                'input_key' => 'token',
            ],
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | User Providers
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
        | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
        | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user's data.
        |
        | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
        | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
        | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
        |
        | Supported: "database", "eloquent"
        |
        */

        'providers' => [
            'users' => [
                'driver' => 'eloquent',
                'model' => App\Models\User::class,
            ],

            // 'users' => [
            //     'driver' => 'database',
            //     'table' => 'users',
            // ],
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Resetting Passwords
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | You may specify multiple password reset configurations if you have more
        | than one user table or model in the application and you want to have
        | separate password reset settings based on the specific user types.
        |
        | The expire time is the number of minutes that each reset token will be
        | considered valid. This security feature keeps tokens short-lived so
        | they have less time to be guessed. You may change this as needed.
        |
        */

        'passwords' => [
            'users' => [
                'provider' => 'users',
                'table' => 'password_resets',
                'expire' => 60,
                'throttle' => 60,
            ],
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Password Confirmation Timeout
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may define the amount of seconds before a password confirmation
        | times out and the user is prompted to re-enter their password via the
        | confirmation screen. By default, the timeout lasts for three hours.
        |
        */

        'password_timeout' => 10800,

    ];
    
   +---- broadcasting.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Broadcaster
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default broadcaster that will be used by the
        | framework when an event needs to be broadcast. You may set this to
        | any of the connections defined in the "connections" array below.
        |
        | Supported: "pusher", "ably", "redis", "log", "null"
        |
        */

        'default' => env('BROADCAST_DRIVER', 'null'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Broadcast Connections
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may define all of the broadcast connections that will be used
        | to broadcast events to other systems or over websockets. Samples of
        | each available type of connection are provided inside this array.
        |
        */

        'connections' => [

            'pusher' => [
                'driver' => 'pusher',
                'key' => env('PUSHER_APP_KEY'),
                'secret' => env('PUSHER_APP_SECRET'),
                'app_id' => env('PUSHER_APP_ID'),
                'options' => [
                    'cluster' => env('PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER'),
                    'useTLS' => true,
                ],
                'client_options' => [
                    // Guzzle client options: https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/request-options.html
                ],
            ],

            'ably' => [
                'driver' => 'ably',
                'key' => env('ABLY_KEY'),
            ],

            'redis' => [
                'driver' => 'redis',
                'connection' => 'default',
            ],

            'log' => [
                'driver' => 'log',
            ],

            'null' => [
                'driver' => 'null',
            ],

        ],

    ];
    
   +---- cache.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Str;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Cache Store
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default cache connection that gets used while
        | using this caching library. This connection is used when another is
        | not explicitly specified when executing a given caching function.
        |
        */

        'default' => env('CACHE_DRIVER', 'file'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Cache Stores
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may define all of the cache "stores" for your application as
        | well as their drivers. You may even define multiple stores for the
        | same cache driver to group types of items stored in your caches.
        |
        | Supported drivers: "apc", "array", "database", "file",
        |         "memcached", "redis", "dynamodb", "octane", "null"
        |
        */

        'stores' => [

            'apc' => [
                'driver' => 'apc',
            ],

            'array' => [
                'driver' => 'array',
                'serialize' => false,
            ],

            'database' => [
                'driver' => 'database',
                'table' => 'cache',
                'connection' => null,
                'lock_connection' => null,
            ],

            'file' => [
                'driver' => 'file',
                'path' => storage_path('framework/cache/data'),
            ],

            'memcached' => [
                'driver' => 'memcached',
                'persistent_id' => env('MEMCACHED_PERSISTENT_ID'),
                'sasl' => [
                    env('MEMCACHED_USERNAME'),
                    env('MEMCACHED_PASSWORD'),
                ],
                'options' => [
                    // Memcached::OPT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT => 2000,
                ],
                'servers' => [
                    [
                        'host' => env('MEMCACHED_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                        'port' => env('MEMCACHED_PORT', 11211),
                        'weight' => 100,
                    ],
                ],
            ],

            'redis' => [
                'driver' => 'redis',
                'connection' => 'cache',
                'lock_connection' => 'default',
            ],

            'dynamodb' => [
                'driver' => 'dynamodb',
                'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
                'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
                'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
                'table' => env('DYNAMODB_CACHE_TABLE', 'cache'),
                'endpoint' => env('DYNAMODB_ENDPOINT'),
            ],

            'octane' => [
                'driver' => 'octane',
            ],

        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Cache Key Prefix
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When utilizing the APC, database, memcached, Redis, or DynamoDB cache
        | stores there might be other applications using the same cache. For
        | that reason, you may prefix every cache key to avoid collisions.
        |
        */

        'prefix' => env('CACHE_PREFIX', Str::slug(env('APP_NAME', 'laravel'), '_').'_cache_'),

    ];
    
   +---- cors.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) Configuration
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure your settings for cross-origin resource sharing
        | or "CORS". This determines what cross-origin operations may execute
        | in web browsers. You are free to adjust these settings as needed.
        |
        | To learn more: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS
        |
        */

        'paths' => ['api/*', 'sanctum/csrf-cookie'],

        'allowed_methods' => ['*'],

        'allowed_origins' => ['*'],

        'allowed_origins_patterns' => [],

        'allowed_headers' => ['Content-Type', 'X-Requested-With', 'Authorization'],

        'exposed_headers' => [],

        'max_age' => 864000,

        'supports_credentials' => true,

    ];
    
   +---- database.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Str;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Database Connection Name
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify which of the database connections below you wish
        | to use as your default connection for all database work. Of course
        | you may use many connections at once using the Database library.
        |
        */

        'default' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Database Connections
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here are each of the database connections setup for your application.
        | Of course, examples of configuring each database platform that is
        | supported by Laravel is shown below to make development simple.
        |
        |
        | All database work in Laravel is done through the PHP PDO facilities
        | so make sure you have the driver for your particular database of
        | choice installed on your machine before you begin development.
        |
        */

        'connections' => [

            'sqlite' => [
                'driver' => 'sqlite',
                'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
                'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', database_path('database.sqlite')),
                'prefix' => '',
                'foreign_key_constraints' => env('DB_FOREIGN_KEYS', true),
            ],

            'mysql' => [
                'driver' => 'mysql',
                'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
                'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'port' => env('DB_PORT', '3306'),
                'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
                'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
                'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
                'unix_socket' => env('DB_SOCKET', ''),
                'charset' => 'utf8mb4',
                'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
                'prefix' => '',
                'prefix_indexes' => true,
                'strict' => true,
                'engine' => null,
                'options' => extension_loaded('pdo_mysql') ? array_filter([
                    PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env('MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA'),
                ]) : [],
            ],

            'pgsql' => [
                'driver' => 'pgsql',
                'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
                'host' => env('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'port' => env('DB_PORT', '5432'),
                'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
                'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
                'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
                'charset' => 'utf8',
                'prefix' => '',
                'prefix_indexes' => true,
                'search_path' => 'public',
                'sslmode' => 'prefer',
            ],

            'sqlsrv' => [
                'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
                'url' => env('DATABASE_URL'),
                'host' => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
                'port' => env('DB_PORT', '1433'),
                'database' => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
                'username' => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
                'password' => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
                'charset' => 'utf8',
                'prefix' => '',
                'prefix_indexes' => true,
                // 'encrypt' => env('DB_ENCRYPT', 'yes'),
                // 'trust_server_certificate' => env('DB_TRUST_SERVER_CERTIFICATE', 'true'),
            ],

        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Migration Repository Table
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This table keeps track of all the migrations that have already run for
        | your application. Using this information, we can determine which of
        | the migrations on disk haven't actually been run in the database.
        |
        */

        'migrations' => 'migrations',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Redis Databases
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Redis is an open source, fast, and advanced key-value store that also
        | provides a richer body of commands than a typical key-value system
        | such as APC or Memcached. Laravel makes it easy to dig right in.
        |
        */

        'redis' => [

            'client' => env('REDIS_CLIENT', 'phpredis'),

            'options' => [
                'cluster' => env('REDIS_CLUSTER', 'redis'),
                'prefix' => env('REDIS_PREFIX', Str::slug(env('APP_NAME', 'laravel'), '_').'_database_'),
            ],

            'default' => [
                'url' => env('REDIS_URL'),
                'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'username' => env('REDIS_USERNAME'),
                'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD'),
                'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', '6379'),
                'database' => env('REDIS_DB', '0'),
            ],

            'cache' => [
                'url' => env('REDIS_URL'),
                'host' => env('REDIS_HOST', '127.0.0.1'),
                'username' => env('REDIS_USERNAME'),
                'password' => env('REDIS_PASSWORD'),
                'port' => env('REDIS_PORT', '6379'),
                'database' => env('REDIS_CACHE_DB', '1'),
            ],

        ],

    ];
    
   +---- filesystems.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Filesystem Disk
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify the default filesystem disk that should be used
        | by the framework. The "local" disk, as well as a variety of cloud
        | based disks are available to your application. Just store away!
        |
        */

        'default' => env('FILESYSTEM_DISK', 'local'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Filesystem Disks
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure as many filesystem "disks" as you wish, and you
        | may even configure multiple disks of the same driver. Defaults have
        | been set up for each driver as an example of the required values.
        |
        | Supported Drivers: "local", "ftp", "sftp", "s3"
        |
        */

        'disks' => [

            'local' => [
                'driver' => 'local',
                'root' => storage_path('app'),
                'throw' => false,
            ],

            'public' => [
                'driver' => 'local',
                'root' => storage_path('app/public'),
                'url' => env('APP_URL').'/storage',
                'visibility' => 'public',
                'throw' => false,
            ],

            's3' => [
                'driver' => 's3',
                'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
                'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
                'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION'),
                'bucket' => env('AWS_BUCKET'),
                'url' => env('AWS_URL'),
                'endpoint' => env('AWS_ENDPOINT'),
                'use_path_style_endpoint' => env('AWS_USE_PATH_STYLE_ENDPOINT', false),
                'throw' => false,
            ],

        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Symbolic Links
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure the symbolic links that will be created when the
        | `storage:link` Artisan command is executed. The array keys should be
        | the locations of the links and the values should be their targets.
        |
        */

        'links' => [
            public_path('storage') => storage_path('app/public'),
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- hashing.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Hash Driver
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default hash driver that will be used to hash
        | passwords for your application. By default, the bcrypt algorithm is
        | used; however, you remain free to modify this option if you wish.
        |
        | Supported: "bcrypt", "argon", "argon2id"
        |
        */

        'driver' => 'bcrypt',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Bcrypt Options
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify the configuration options that should be used when
        | passwords are hashed using the Bcrypt algorithm. This will allow you
        | to control the amount of time it takes to hash the given password.
        |
        */

        'bcrypt' => [
            'rounds' => env('BCRYPT_ROUNDS', 10),
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Argon Options
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify the configuration options that should be used when
        | passwords are hashed using the Argon algorithm. These will allow you
        | to control the amount of time it takes to hash the given password.
        |
        */

        'argon' => [
            'memory' => 65536,
            'threads' => 1,
            'time' => 4,
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- jwt.php

    <?php

    return [

        /**
            * Expiration of JWT Token in seconds.
            */
        'expiration' => (int) env('JWT_EXPIRATION', 3600), // one hour

        /**
            * Default JWT headers.
            */
        'headers' => [
            'alg' => 'HS256',
            'typ' => 'JWT',
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- l5-swagger.php

    <?php

    return [
        'default' => 'default',
        'documentations' => [
            'default' => [
                'api' => [
                    'title' => config('app.name') . ' OpenAPI Documentation',
                ],
                'routes' => [
                    /*
                        * Route for accessing api documentation interface
                    */
                    'api' => 'api/documentation',
                ],
                'paths' => [
                    /*
                        * File name of the generated json documentation file
                    */
                    'docs_json' => 'api-docs.json',

                    /*
                        * File name of the generated YAML documentation file
                    */
                    'docs_yaml' => 'api-docs.yaml',

                    /*
                    * Set this to `json` or `yaml` to determine which documentation file to use in UI
                    */
                    'format_to_use_for_docs' => env('L5_FORMAT_TO_USE_FOR_DOCS', 'json'),

                    /*
                        * Absolute paths to directory containing the swagger annotations are stored.
                    */
                    'annotations' => [
                        base_path('app/Annotations/Api'),
                        base_path('app/Http/Controllers/Api'),
                        base_path('app/Http/Requests/Api'),
                        base_path('app/Http/Resources/Api'),
                        base_path('app/Models'),
                    ],

                ],
            ],
        ],
        'defaults' => [
            'routes' => [
                /*
                    * Route for accessing parsed swagger annotations.
                */
                'docs' => 'docs',

                /*
                    * Route for Oauth2 authentication callback.
                */
                'oauth2_callback' => 'api/oauth2-callback',

                /*
                    * Middleware allows to prevent unexpected access to API documentation
                */
                'middleware' => [
                    'api' => [],
                    'asset' => [],
                    'docs' => [],
                    'oauth2_callback' => [],
                ],

                /*
                    * Route Group options
                */
                'group_options' => [],
            ],

            'paths' => [
                /*
                    * Absolute path to location where parsed annotations will be stored
                */
                'docs' => storage_path('api-docs'),

                /*
                    * Absolute path to directory where to export views
                */
                'views' => base_path('resources/views/vendor/l5-swagger'),

                /*
                    * Edit to set the api's base path
                */
                'base' => env('L5_SWAGGER_BASE_PATH', null),

                /*
                    * Edit to set path where swagger ui assets should be stored
                */
                'swagger_ui_assets_path' => env('L5_SWAGGER_UI_ASSETS_PATH', 'vendor/swagger-api/swagger-ui/dist/'),

                /*
                    * Absolute path to directories that should be exclude from scanning
                    * @deprecated Please use `scanOptions.exclude`
                    * `scanOptions.exclude` overwrites this
                */
                'excludes' => [],
            ],

            'scanOptions' => [
                /**
                    * analyser: defaults to \OpenApi\StaticAnalyser .
                    * @see \OpenApi\scan
                    */
                'analyser' => null,

                /**
                    * analysis: defaults to a new \OpenApi\Analysis .
                    * @see \OpenApi\scan
                    */
                'analysis' => null,

                /**
                    * Custom query path processors classes.
                    *
                    * @link https://github.com/zircote/swagger-php/tree/master/Examples/schema-query-parameter-processor
                    * @see \OpenApi\scan
                    */
                'processors' => [
                    // new \App\SwaggerProcessors\SchemaQueryParameter(),
                ],

                /**
                    * pattern: string       $pattern File pattern(s) to scan (default: *.php) .
                    * @see \OpenApi\scan
                    */
                'pattern' => null,

                /*
                    * Absolute path to directories that should be exclude from scanning
                    * @note This option overwrites `paths.excludes`
                    * @see \OpenApi\scan
                */
                'exclude' => [],
            ],

            /*
                * API security definitions. Will be generated into documentation file.
            */
            'securityDefinitions' => [
                'securitySchemes' => [
                    /*
                        * Examples of Security schemes
                    */
                    /*
                    'api_key_security_example' => [ // Unique name of security
                        'type' => 'apiKey', // The type of the security scheme. Valid values are "basic", "apiKey" or "oauth2".
                        'description' => 'A short description for security scheme',
                        'name' => 'api_key', // The name of the header or query parameter to be used.
                        'in' => 'header', // The location of the API key. Valid values are "query" or "header".
                    ],
                    'oauth2_security_example' => [ // Unique name of security
                        'type' => 'oauth2', // The type of the security scheme. Valid values are "basic", "apiKey" or "oauth2".
                        'description' => 'A short description for oauth2 security scheme.',
                        'flow' => 'implicit', // The flow used by the OAuth2 security scheme. Valid values are "implicit", "password", "application" or "accessCode".
                        'authorizationUrl' => 'http://example.com/auth', // The authorization URL to be used for (implicit/accessCode)
                        //'tokenUrl' => 'http://example.com/auth' // The authorization URL to be used for (password/application/accessCode)
                        'scopes' => [
                            'read:projects' => 'read your projects',
                            'write:projects' => 'modify projects in your account',
                        ]
                    ],
                    */

                    /* Open API 3.0 support
                    'passport' => [ // Unique name of security
                        'type' => 'oauth2', // The type of the security scheme. Valid values are "basic", "apiKey" or "oauth2".
                        'description' => 'Laravel passport oauth2 security.',
                        'in' => 'header',
                        'scheme' => 'https',
                        'flows' => [
                            "password" => [
                                "authorizationUrl" => config('app.url') . '/oauth/authorize',
                                "tokenUrl" => config('app.url') . '/oauth/token',
                                "refreshUrl" => config('app.url') . '/token/refresh',
                                "scopes" => []
                            ],
                        ],
                    ],
                    */
                ],
                'security' => [
                    /*
                        * Examples of Securities
                    */
                    [
                        /*
                        'oauth2_security_example' => [
                            'read',
                            'write'
                        ],

                        'passport' => []
                        */
                    ],
                ],
            ],

            /*
                * Set this to `true` in development mode so that docs would be regenerated on each request
                * Set this to `false` to disable swagger generation on production
            */
            'generate_always' => env('L5_SWAGGER_GENERATE_ALWAYS', false),

            /*
                * Set this to `true` to generate a copy of documentation in yaml format
            */
            'generate_yaml_copy' => env('L5_SWAGGER_GENERATE_YAML_COPY', false),

            /*
                * Edit to trust the proxy's ip address - needed for AWS Load Balancer
                * string[]
            */
            'proxy' => false,

            /*
                * Configs plugin allows to fetch external configs instead of passing them to SwaggerUIBundle.
                * See more at: https://github.com/swagger-api/swagger-ui#configs-plugin
            */
            'additional_config_url' => null,

            /*
                * Apply a sort to the operation list of each API. It can be 'alpha' (sort by paths alphanumerically),
                * 'method' (sort by HTTP method).
                * Default is the order returned by the server unchanged.
            */
            'operations_sort' => env('L5_SWAGGER_OPERATIONS_SORT', null),

            /*
                * Pass the validatorUrl parameter to SwaggerUi init on the JS side.
                * A null value here disables validation.
            */
            'validator_url' => null,

            /*
                * Persist authorization login after refresh browser
                */
            'persist_authorization' => true,

            /*
                * Uncomment to add constants which can be used in annotations
                */
            // 'constants' => [
            // 'L5_SWAGGER_CONST_HOST' => env('L5_SWAGGER_CONST_HOST', 'http://my-default-host.com'),
            // ],
        ],
    ];
    
   +---- logging.php

    <?php

    use Monolog\Handler\NullHandler;
    use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;
    use Monolog\Handler\SyslogUdpHandler;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Log Channel
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option defines the default log channel that gets used when writing
        | messages to the logs. The name specified in this option should match
        | one of the channels defined in the "channels" configuration array.
        |
        */

        'default' => env('LOG_CHANNEL', 'stack'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Deprecations Log Channel
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the log channel that should be used to log warnings
        | regarding deprecated PHP and library features. This allows you to get
        | your application ready for upcoming major versions of dependencies.
        |
        */

        'deprecations' => env('LOG_DEPRECATIONS_CHANNEL', 'null'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Log Channels
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure the log channels for your application. Out of
        | the box, Laravel uses the Monolog PHP logging library. This gives
        | you a variety of powerful log handlers / formatters to utilize.
        |
        | Available Drivers: "single", "daily", "slack", "syslog",
        |                    "errorlog", "monolog",
        |                    "custom", "stack"
        |
        */

        'channels' => [
            'stack' => [
                'driver' => 'stack',
                'channels' => ['single'],
                'ignore_exceptions' => false,
            ],

            'single' => [
                'driver' => 'single',
                'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
            ],

            'daily' => [
                'driver' => 'daily',
                'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
                'days' => 14,
            ],

            'slack' => [
                'driver' => 'slack',
                'url' => env('LOG_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
                'username' => 'Laravel Log',
                'emoji' => ':boom:',
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'critical'),
            ],

            'papertrail' => [
                'driver' => 'monolog',
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
                'handler' => env('LOG_PAPERTRAIL_HANDLER', SyslogUdpHandler::class),
                'handler_with' => [
                    'host' => env('PAPERTRAIL_URL'),
                    'port' => env('PAPERTRAIL_PORT'),
                    'connectionString' => 'tls://'.env('PAPERTRAIL_URL').':'.env('PAPERTRAIL_PORT'),
                ],
            ],

            'stderr' => [
                'driver' => 'monolog',
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
                'handler' => StreamHandler::class,
                'formatter' => env('LOG_STDERR_FORMATTER'),
                'with' => [
                    'stream' => 'php://stderr',
                ],
            ],

            'syslog' => [
                'driver' => 'syslog',
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
            ],

            'errorlog' => [
                'driver' => 'errorlog',
                'level' => env('LOG_LEVEL', 'debug'),
            ],

            'null' => [
                'driver' => 'monolog',
                'handler' => NullHandler::class,
            ],

            'emergency' => [
                'path' => storage_path('logs/laravel.log'),
            ],
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- mail.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Mailer
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default mailer that is used to send any email
        | messages sent by your application. Alternative mailers may be setup
        | and used as needed; however, this mailer will be used by default.
        |
        */

        'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'smtp'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Mailer Configurations
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure all of the mailers used by your application plus
        | their respective settings. Several examples have been configured for
        | you and you are free to add your own as your application requires.
        |
        | Laravel supports a variety of mail "transport" drivers to be used while
        | sending an e-mail. You will specify which one you are using for your
        | mailers below. You are free to add additional mailers as required.
        |
        | Supported: "smtp", "sendmail", "mailgun", "ses",
        |            "postmark", "log", "array", "failover"
        |
        */

        'mailers' => [
            'smtp' => [
                'transport' => 'smtp',
                'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.mailgun.org'),
                'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 587),
                'encryption' => env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', 'tls'),
                'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),
                'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),
                'timeout' => null,
            ],

            'ses' => [
                'transport' => 'ses',
            ],

            'mailgun' => [
                'transport' => 'mailgun',
            ],

            'postmark' => [
                'transport' => 'postmark',
            ],

            'sendmail' => [
                'transport' => 'sendmail',
                'path' => env('MAIL_SENDMAIL_PATH', '/usr/sbin/sendmail -bs -i'),
            ],

            'log' => [
                'transport' => 'log',
                'channel' => env('MAIL_LOG_CHANNEL'),
            ],

            'array' => [
                'transport' => 'array',
            ],

            'failover' => [
                'transport' => 'failover',
                'mailers' => [
                    'smtp',
                    'log',
                ],
            ],
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Global "From" Address
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | You may wish for all e-mails sent by your application to be sent from
        | the same address. Here, you may specify a name and address that is
        | used globally for all e-mails that are sent by your application.
        |
        */

        'from' => [
            'address' => env('MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS', 'hello@example.com'),
            'name' => env('MAIL_FROM_NAME', 'Example'),
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Markdown Mail Settings
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | If you are using Markdown based email rendering, you may configure your
        | theme and component paths here, allowing you to customize the design
        | of the emails. Or, you may simply stick with the Laravel defaults!
        |
        */

        'markdown' => [
            'theme' => 'default',

            'paths' => [
                resource_path('views/vendor/mail'),
            ],
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- queue.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Queue Connection Name
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Laravel's queue API supports an assortment of back-ends via a single
        | API, giving you convenient access to each back-end using the same
        | syntax for every one. Here you may define a default connection.
        |
        */

        'default' => env('QUEUE_CONNECTION', 'sync'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Queue Connections
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may configure the connection information for each server that
        | is used by your application. A default configuration has been added
        | for each back-end shipped with Laravel. You are free to add more.
        |
        | Drivers: "sync", "database", "beanstalkd", "sqs", "redis", "null"
        |
        */

        'connections' => [

            'sync' => [
                'driver' => 'sync',
            ],

            'database' => [
                'driver' => 'database',
                'table' => 'jobs',
                'queue' => 'default',
                'retry_after' => 90,
                'after_commit' => false,
            ],

            'beanstalkd' => [
                'driver' => 'beanstalkd',
                'host' => 'localhost',
                'queue' => 'default',
                'retry_after' => 90,
                'block_for' => 0,
                'after_commit' => false,
            ],

            'sqs' => [
                'driver' => 'sqs',
                'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
                'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
                'prefix' => env('SQS_PREFIX', 'https://sqs.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/your-account-id'),
                'queue' => env('SQS_QUEUE', 'default'),
                'suffix' => env('SQS_SUFFIX'),
                'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
                'after_commit' => false,
            ],

            'redis' => [
                'driver' => 'redis',
                'connection' => 'default',
                'queue' => env('REDIS_QUEUE', 'default'),
                'retry_after' => 90,
                'block_for' => null,
                'after_commit' => false,
            ],

        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Failed Queue Jobs
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | These options configure the behavior of failed queue job logging so you
        | can control which database and table are used to store the jobs that
        | have failed. You may change them to any database / table you wish.
        |
        */

        'failed' => [
            'driver' => env('QUEUE_FAILED_DRIVER', 'database-uuids'),
            'database' => env('DB_CONNECTION', 'mysql'),
            'table' => 'failed_jobs',
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- sanctum.php

    <?php

    use Laravel\Sanctum\Sanctum;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Stateful Domains
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Requests from the following domains / hosts will receive stateful API
        | authentication cookies. Typically, these should include your local
        | and production domains which access your API via a frontend SPA.
        |
        */

        'stateful' => explode(',', env('SANCTUM_STATEFUL_DOMAINS', sprintf(
            '%s%s',
            'localhost,localhost:3000,127.0.0.1,127.0.0.1:8000,::1',
            Sanctum::currentApplicationUrlWithPort()
        ))),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Sanctum Guards
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This array contains the authentication guards that will be checked when
        | Sanctum is trying to authenticate a request. If none of these guards
        | are able to authenticate the request, Sanctum will use the bearer
        | token that's present on an incoming request for authentication.
        |
        */

        'guard' => ['web'],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Expiration Minutes
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This value controls the number of minutes until an issued token will be
        | considered expired. If this value is null, personal access tokens do
        | not expire. This won't tweak the lifetime of first-party sessions.
        |
        */

        'expiration' => null,

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Sanctum Middleware
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When authenticating your first-party SPA with Sanctum you may need to
        | customize some of the middleware Sanctum uses while processing the
        | request. You may change the middleware listed below as required.
        |
        */

        'middleware' => [
            'verify_csrf_token' => App\Http\Middleware\VerifyCsrfToken::class,
            'encrypt_cookies' => App\Http\Middleware\EncryptCookies::class,
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- services.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Third Party Services
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This file is for storing the credentials for third party services such
        | as Mailgun, Postmark, AWS and more. This file provides the de facto
        | location for this type of information, allowing packages to have
        | a conventional file to locate the various service credentials.
        |
        */

        'mailgun' => [
            'domain' => env('MAILGUN_DOMAIN'),
            'secret' => env('MAILGUN_SECRET'),
            'endpoint' => env('MAILGUN_ENDPOINT', 'api.mailgun.net'),
            'scheme' => 'https',
        ],

        'postmark' => [
            'token' => env('POSTMARK_TOKEN'),
        ],

        'ses' => [
            'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
            'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
            'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION', 'us-east-1'),
        ],

    ];
    
   +---- session.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Str;

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Default Session Driver
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option controls the default session "driver" that will be used on
        | requests. By default, we will use the lightweight native driver but
        | you may specify any of the other wonderful drivers provided here.
        |
        | Supported: "file", "cookie", "database", "apc",
        |            "memcached", "redis", "dynamodb", "array"
        |
        */

        'driver' => env('SESSION_DRIVER', 'file'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Lifetime
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify the number of minutes that you wish the session
        | to be allowed to remain idle before it expires. If you want them
        | to immediately expire on the browser closing, set that option.
        |
        */

        'lifetime' => env('SESSION_LIFETIME', 120),

        'expire_on_close' => false,

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Encryption
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option allows you to easily specify that all of your session data
        | should be encrypted before it is stored. All encryption will be run
        | automatically by Laravel and you can use the Session like normal.
        |
        */

        'encrypt' => false,

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session File Location
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When using the native session driver, we need a location where session
        | files may be stored. A default has been set for you but a different
        | location may be specified. This is only needed for file sessions.
        |
        */

        'files' => storage_path('framework/sessions'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Database Connection
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When using the "database" or "redis" session drivers, you may specify a
        | connection that should be used to manage these sessions. This should
        | correspond to a connection in your database configuration options.
        |
        */

        'connection' => env('SESSION_CONNECTION'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Database Table
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | When using the "database" session driver, you may specify the table we
        | should use to manage the sessions. Of course, a sensible default is
        | provided for you; however, you are free to change this as needed.
        |
        */

        'table' => 'sessions',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Cache Store
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | While using one of the framework's cache driven session backends you may
        | list a cache store that should be used for these sessions. This value
        | must match with one of the application's configured cache "stores".
        |
        | Affects: "apc", "dynamodb", "memcached", "redis"
        |
        */

        'store' => env('SESSION_STORE'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Sweeping Lottery
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Some session drivers must manually sweep their storage location to get
        | rid of old sessions from storage. Here are the chances that it will
        | happen on a given request. By default, the odds are 2 out of 100.
        |
        */

        'lottery' => [2, 100],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Cookie Name
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may change the name of the cookie used to identify a session
        | instance by ID. The name specified here will get used every time a
        | new session cookie is created by the framework for every driver.
        |
        */

        'cookie' => env(
            'SESSION_COOKIE',
            Str::slug(env('APP_NAME', 'laravel'), '_').'_session'
        ),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Cookie Path
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The session cookie path determines the path for which the cookie will
        | be regarded as available. Typically, this will be the root path of
        | your application but you are free to change this when necessary.
        |
        */

        'path' => '/',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Session Cookie Domain
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may change the domain of the cookie used to identify a session
        | in your application. This will determine which domains the cookie is
        | available to in your application. A sensible default has been set.
        |
        */

        'domain' => env('SESSION_DOMAIN'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | HTTPS Only Cookies
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | By setting this option to true, session cookies will only be sent back
        | to the server if the browser has a HTTPS connection. This will keep
        | the cookie from being sent to you when it can't be done securely.
        |
        */

        'secure' => env('SESSION_SECURE_COOKIE'),

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | HTTP Access Only
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Setting this value to true will prevent JavaScript from accessing the
        | value of the cookie and the cookie will only be accessible through
        | the HTTP protocol. You are free to modify this option if needed.
        |
        */

        'http_only' => true,

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Same-Site Cookies
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option determines how your cookies behave when cross-site requests
        | take place, and can be used to mitigate CSRF attacks. By default, we
        | will set this value to "lax" since this is a secure default value.
        |
        | Supported: "lax", "strict", "none", null
        |
        */

        'same_site' => 'lax',

    ];
    
   +---- view.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | View Storage Paths
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Most templating systems load templates from disk. Here you may specify
        | an array of paths that should be checked for your views. Of course
        | the usual Laravel view path has already been registered for you.
        |
        */

        'paths' => [
            resource_path('views'),
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Compiled View Path
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | This option determines where all the compiled Blade templates will be
        | stored for your application. Typically, this is within the storage
        | directory. However, as usual, you are free to change this value.
        |
        */

        'compiled' => env(
            'VIEW_COMPILED_PATH',
            realpath(storage_path('framework/views'))
        ),

    ];
    
   database
   +---- .gitignore

    *.sqlite*
    
   +---- factories
   |      +---- ArticleFactory.php

    <?php

    namespace Database\Factories;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;
    use Illuminate\Support\Str;

    /**
        * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Article>
        */
    class ArticleFactory extends Factory
    {
        /**
            * Define the model's default state.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function definition()
        {
            return [
                'author_id' => User::factory(),
                'slug' => fn (array $attrs) => Str::slug($attrs['title']),
                'title' => $this->faker->unique()->sentence(4),
                'description' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
                'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                'created_at' => function (array $attributes) {
                    $user = User::find($attributes['author_id']);

                    return $this->faker->dateTimeBetween($user->created_at);
                },
                'updated_at' => function (array $attributes) {
                    $createdAt = $attributes['created_at'];

                    return $this->faker->optional(25, $createdAt)
                        ->dateTimeBetween($createdAt);
                },
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- CommentFactory.php

    <?php

    namespace Database\Factories;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

    /**
        * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Comment>
        */
    class CommentFactory extends Factory
    {
        /**
            * Define the model's default state.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function definition()
        {
            return [
                'article_id' => Article::factory(),
                'author_id' => User::factory(),
                'body' => $this->faker->sentence(),
                'created_at' => function (array $attributes) {
                    $article = Article::find($attributes['article_id']);

                    return $this->faker->dateTimeBetween($article->created_at);
                },
                'updated_at' => function (array $attributes) {
                    return $attributes['created_at'];
                },
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- TagFactory.php

    <?php

    namespace Database\Factories;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

    /**
        * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\Tag>
        */
    class TagFactory extends Factory
    {
        /**
            * Define the model's default state.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function definition()
        {
            $createdAt = $this->faker->dateTimeThisDecade();

            return [
                'name' => $this->faker->unique()->word(),
                'created_at' => $createdAt,
                'updated_at' => $createdAt,
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- UserFactory.php

    <?php

    namespace Database\Factories;

    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory;

    /**
        * @extends \Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Factory<\App\Models\User>
        */
    class UserFactory extends Factory
    {
        /**
            * Define the model's default state.
            *
            * @return array<string, mixed>
            */
        public function definition()
        {
            return [
                'username' => $this->faker->unique()->userName(),
                'email' => $this->faker->unique()->safeEmail(),
                'bio' => $this->faker->optional()->paragraph(),
                'image' => $this->faker->optional()->imageUrl(),
                'password' => '$2y$10$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi', // password
                'created_at' => $createdAt = $this->faker->dateTimeThisDecade(),
                'updated_at' => $this->faker->optional(50, $createdAt)
                    ->dateTimeBetween($createdAt),
            ];
        }
    }
    
   +---- migrations
   |      +---- 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();
                $table->string('name')->nullable();
                $table->string('email')->unique();
                $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
                $table->string('password');
                $table->rememberToken();
                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('users');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('password_resets', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->string('email')->index();
                $table->string('token');
                $table->timestamp('created_at')->nullable();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('password_resets');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2019_08_19_000000_create_failed_jobs_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('failed_jobs', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();
                $table->string('uuid')->unique();
                $table->text('connection');
                $table->text('queue');
                $table->longText('payload');
                $table->longText('exception');
                $table->timestamp('failed_at')->useCurrent();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('failed_jobs');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2019_12_14_000001_create_personal_access_tokens_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('personal_access_tokens', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();
                $table->morphs('tokenable');
                $table->string('name');
                $table->string('token', 64)->unique();
                $table->text('abilities')->nullable();
                $table->timestamp('last_used_at')->nullable();
                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('personal_access_tokens');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_21_130644_add_fields_to_users_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->string('username')->unique();
                $table->text('bio')->nullable();
                $table->text('image')->nullable();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->dropColumn(['username', 'bio', 'image']);
            });
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_123208_create_user_follower_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('author_follower', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->foreignId('author_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->foreignId('follower_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');

                $table->unique(['author_id', 'follower_id']);
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('author_follower');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_150828_create_articles_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('articles', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();

                $table->foreignId('author_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->string('slug')->unique();

                $table->string('title');
                $table->string('description', 510);
                $table->text('body');

                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('articles');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_150839_create_comments_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();

                $table->foreignId('article_id')->constrained('articles')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->foreignId('author_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->text('body');

                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('comments');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_150848_create_tags_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('tags', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->id();

                $table->string('name')->unique();

                $table->timestamps();
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('tags');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_151511_create_article_tag_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('article_tag', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->foreignId('article_id')->constrained('articles')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->foreignId('tag_id')->constrained('tags')->onDelete('cascade');

                $table->unique(['article_id', 'tag_id']);
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('article_tag');
        }
    };
    
   |      +---- 2021_05_23_152011_create_article_favorite_table.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
    use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

    return new class extends Migration
    {
        /**
            * Run the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function up()
        {
            Schema::create('article_favorite', function (Blueprint $table) {
                $table->foreignId('article_id')->constrained('articles')->onDelete('cascade');
                $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained('users')->onDelete('cascade');

                $table->unique(['article_id', 'user_id']);
            });
        }

        /**
            * Reverse the migrations.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function down()
        {
            Schema::dropIfExists('article_favorite');
        }
    };
    
   +---- seeders
   |      +---- DatabaseSeeder.php

    <?php

    namespace Database\Seeders;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Comment;
    use App\Models\Tag;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\Sequence;
    use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

    class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
    {
        /**
            * Seed the application's database.
            *
            * @return void
            */
        public function run()
        {
            /** @var array<User>|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection<User> $users */
            $users = User::factory()->count(20)->create();

            foreach ($users as $user) {
                $user->followers()->attach($users->random(rand(0, 5)));
            }

            /** @var array<Article>|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection<Article> $articles */
            $articles = Article::factory()
                ->count(30)
                ->state(new Sequence(fn() => [
                    'author_id' => $users->random(),
                ]))
                ->create();

            /** @var array<Tag>|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection<Tag> $tags */
            $tags = Tag::factory()->count(20)->create();

            foreach ($articles as $article) {
                $article->tags()->attach($tags->random(rand(0, 6)));
                $article->favoredUsers()->attach($users->random(rand(0, 8)));
            }

            Comment::factory()
                ->count(60)
                ->state(new Sequence(fn() => [
                    'article_id' => $articles->random(),
                    'author_id' => $users->random(),
                ]))
                ->create();
        }
    }
    
   docker-compose.yml

    # For more information: https://laravel.com/docs/sail
    version: '3.9'

    services:
        laravel.test:
            build:
                context: ./vendor/laravel/sail/runtimes/8.1
                dockerfile: Dockerfile
                args:
                    WWWGROUP: '${WWWGROUP}'
            image: sail-8.1/app
            extra_hosts:
                - 'host.docker.internal:host-gateway'
            ports:
                - '${APP_PORT:-80}:80'
            environment:
                PHP_IDE_CONFIG: 'serverName=laravel-realworld.test'
                WWWUSER: '${WWWUSER}'
                LARAVEL_SAIL: 1
                XDEBUG_MODE: '${SAIL_XDEBUG_MODE:-off}'
                XDEBUG_CONFIG: '${SAIL_XDEBUG_CONFIG:-client_host=host.docker.internal}'
            volumes:
                - '.:/var/www/html'
            networks:
                - sail
            depends_on:
                - pgsql

        pgsql:
            image: 'postgres:alpine'
            ports:
                - '${FORWARD_DB_PORT:-5432}:5432'
            environment:
                PGPASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD:-secret}'
                POSTGRES_DB: '${DB_DATABASE}'
                POSTGRES_USER: '${DB_USERNAME}'
                POSTGRES_PASSWORD: '${DB_PASSWORD:-secret}'
            volumes:
                - 'sail-pgsql:/var/lib/postgresql/data'
            networks:
                - sail
            healthcheck:
                test: [ "CMD", "pg_isready", "-q" ]
                retries: 3
                timeout: 5s

    networks:
        sail:
            name: laravel-realworld-network
            driver: bridge

    volumes:
        sail-pgsql:
            name: laravel-realworld-database
            driver: local
    
   lang
   +---- en
   |      +---- auth.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Authentication Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines are used during authentication for various
        | messages that we need to display to the user. You are free to modify
        | these language lines according to your application's requirements.
        |
        */

        'failed' => 'These credentials do not match our records.',
        'password' => 'The provided password is incorrect.',
        'throttle' => 'Too many login attempts. Please try again in :seconds seconds.',

    ];
    
   |      +---- models.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Model Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines contain custom messages related to model.
        |
        */

        'resource' => [
            '404' => 'Resource not found.',
        ],

        'article' => [
            'deleted' => 'Article deleted.',
        ],

        'comment' => [
            'deleted' => 'Comment deleted.',
        ],

    ];
    
   |      +---- pagination.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Pagination Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines are used by the paginator library to build
        | the simple pagination links. You are free to change them to anything
        | you want to customize your views to better match your application.
        |
        */

        'previous' => '&laquo; Previous',
        'next' => 'Next &raquo;',

    ];
    
   |      +---- passwords.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Password Reset Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines are the default lines which match reasons
        | that are given by the password broker for a password update attempt
        | has failed, such as for an invalid token or invalid new password.
        |
        */

        'reset' => 'Your password has been reset!',
        'sent' => 'We have emailed your password reset link!',
        'throttled' => 'Please wait before retrying.',
        'token' => 'This password reset token is invalid.',
        'user' => "We can't find a user with that email address.",

    ];
    
   |      +---- validation.php

    <?php

    return [

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Validation Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines contain the default error messages used by
        | the validator class. Some of these rules have multiple versions such
        | as the size rules. Feel free to tweak each of these messages here.
        |
        */

        'accepted' => 'The :attribute must be accepted.',
        'accepted_if' => 'The :attribute must be accepted when :other is :value.',
        'active_url' => 'The :attribute is not a valid URL.',
        'after' => 'The :attribute must be a date after :date.',
        'after_or_equal' => 'The :attribute must be a date after or equal to :date.',
        'alpha' => 'The :attribute must only contain letters.',
        'alpha_dash' => 'The :attribute must only contain letters, numbers, dashes and underscores.',
        'alpha_num' => 'The :attribute must only contain letters and numbers.',
        'array' => 'The :attribute must be an array.',
        'before' => 'The :attribute must be a date before :date.',
        'before_or_equal' => 'The :attribute must be a date before or equal to :date.',
        'between' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must have between :min and :max items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be between :min and :max kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be between :min and :max.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be between :min and :max characters.',
        ],
        'boolean' => 'The :attribute field must be true or false.',
        'confirmed' => 'The :attribute confirmation does not match.',
        'current_password' => 'The password is incorrect.',
        'date' => 'The :attribute is not a valid date.',
        'date_equals' => 'The :attribute must be a date equal to :date.',
        'date_format' => 'The :attribute does not match the format :format.',
        'declined' => 'The :attribute must be declined.',
        'declined_if' => 'The :attribute must be declined when :other is :value.',
        'different' => 'The :attribute and :other must be different.',
        'digits' => 'The :attribute must be :digits digits.',
        'digits_between' => 'The :attribute must be between :min and :max digits.',
        'dimensions' => 'The :attribute has invalid image dimensions.',
        'distinct' => 'The :attribute field has a duplicate value.',
        'email' => 'The :attribute must be a valid email address.',
        'ends_with' => 'The :attribute must end with one of the following: :values.',
        'enum' => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
        'exists' => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
        'file' => 'The :attribute must be a file.',
        'filled' => 'The :attribute field must have a value.',
        'gt' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must have more than :value items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be greater than :value kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be greater than :value.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be greater than :value characters.',
        ],
        'gte' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must have :value items or more.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be greater than or equal to :value kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be greater than or equal to :value.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be greater than or equal to :value characters.',
        ],
        'image' => 'The :attribute must be an image.',
        'in' => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
        'in_array' => 'The :attribute field does not exist in :other.',
        'integer' => 'The :attribute must be an integer.',
        'ip' => 'The :attribute must be a valid IP address.',
        'ipv4' => 'The :attribute must be a valid IPv4 address.',
        'ipv6' => 'The :attribute must be a valid IPv6 address.',
        'json' => 'The :attribute must be a valid JSON string.',
        'lt' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must have less than :value items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be less than :value kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be less than :value.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be less than :value characters.',
        ],
        'lte' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must not have more than :value items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be less than or equal to :value kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be less than or equal to :value.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be less than or equal to :value characters.',
        ],
        'mac_address' => 'The :attribute must be a valid MAC address.',
        'max' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must not have more than :max items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must not be greater than :max kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must not be greater than :max.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must not be greater than :max characters.',
        ],
        'mimes' => 'The :attribute must be a file of type: :values.',
        'mimetypes' => 'The :attribute must be a file of type: :values.',
        'min' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must have at least :min items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be at least :min kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be at least :min.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be at least :min characters.',
        ],
        'multiple_of' => 'The :attribute must be a multiple of :value.',
        'not_in' => 'The selected :attribute is invalid.',
        'not_regex' => 'The :attribute format is invalid.',
        'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be a number.',
        'present' => 'The :attribute field must be present.',
        'prohibited' => 'The :attribute field is prohibited.',
        'prohibited_if' => 'The :attribute field is prohibited when :other is :value.',
        'prohibited_unless' => 'The :attribute field is prohibited unless :other is in :values.',
        'prohibits' => 'The :attribute field prohibits :other from being present.',
        'regex' => 'The :attribute format is invalid.',
        'required' => 'The :attribute field is required.',
        'required_array_keys' => 'The :attribute field must contain entries for: :values.',
        'required_if' => 'The :attribute field is required when :other is :value.',
        'required_unless' => 'The :attribute field is required unless :other is in :values.',
        'required_with' => 'The :attribute field is required when :values is present.',
        'required_with_all' => 'The :attribute field is required when :values are present.',
        'required_without' => 'The :attribute field is required when :values is not present.',
        'required_without_all' => 'The :attribute field is required when none of :values are present.',
        'same' => 'The :attribute and :other must match.',
        'size' => [
            'array' => 'The :attribute must contain :size items.',
            'file' => 'The :attribute must be :size kilobytes.',
            'numeric' => 'The :attribute must be :size.',
            'string' => 'The :attribute must be :size characters.',
        ],
        'starts_with' => 'The :attribute must start with one of the following: :values.',
        'string' => 'The :attribute must be a string.',
        'timezone' => 'The :attribute must be a valid timezone.',
        'unique' => 'The :attribute has already been taken.',
        'uploaded' => 'The :attribute failed to upload.',
        'url' => 'The :attribute must be a valid URL.',
        'uuid' => 'The :attribute must be a valid UUID.',
        'required_at_least_one' => 'At least one field must be present.',
        'invalid' => 'The given data was invalid.',

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Custom Validation Language Lines
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Here you may specify custom validation messages for attributes using the
        | convention "attribute.rule" to name the lines. This makes it quick to
        | specify a specific custom language line for a given attribute rule.
        |
        */

        'custom' => [
            'attribute-name' => [
                'rule-name' => 'custom-message',
            ],
        ],

        /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Custom Validation Attributes
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | The following language lines are used to swap our attribute placeholder
        | with something more reader friendly such as "E-Mail Address" instead
        | of "email". This simply helps us make our message more expressive.
        |
        */

        'attributes' => [],

    ];
    
   +---- en.json

    {
        "The :attribute must contain at least one letter.": "The :attribute must contain at least one letter.",
        "The :attribute must contain at least one number.": "The :attribute must contain at least one number.",
        "The :attribute must contain at least one symbol.": "The :attribute must contain at least one symbol.",
        "The :attribute must contain at least one uppercase and one lowercase letter.": "The :attribute must contain at least one uppercase and one lowercase letter.",
        "The given :attribute has appeared in a data leak. Please choose a different :attribute.": "The given :attribute has appeared in a data leak. Please choose a different :attribute."
    }
    
   package.json

    {
        "private": true,
        "scripts": {
            "dev": "npm run development",
            "development": "mix",
            "watch": "mix watch",
            "watch-poll": "mix watch -- --watch-options-poll=1000",
            "hot": "mix watch --hot",
            "prod": "npm run production",
            "production": "mix --production"
        },
        "devDependencies": {
            "axios": "^0.25",
            "laravel-mix": "^6.0.6",
            "lodash": "^4.17.19",
            "postcss": "^8.1.14"
        }
    }
    
   phpunit.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <phpunit xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="./vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit.xsd"
                bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php"
                colors="true"
                failOnRisky="true"
    >
        <testsuites>
            <testsuite name="Unit">
                <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Unit</directory>
            </testsuite>
            <testsuite name="Feature">
                <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests/Feature</directory>
            </testsuite>
        </testsuites>
        <coverage processUncoveredFiles="true">
            <include>
                <directory suffix=".php">./app</directory>
            </include>
            <exclude>
                <directory suffix=".php">./app/Providers</directory>
                <directory suffix=".php">./app/Http/Middleware</directory>
            </exclude>
        </coverage>
        <php>
            <env name="APP_ENV" value="testing"/>
            <env name="BCRYPT_ROUNDS" value="4"/>
            <env name="CACHE_DRIVER" value="array"/>
            <!-- <env name="DB_CONNECTION" value="sqlite"/> -->
            <!-- <env name="DB_DATABASE" value=":memory:"/> -->
            <env name="MAIL_MAILER" value="array"/>
            <env name="QUEUE_CONNECTION" value="sync"/>
            <env name="SESSION_DRIVER" value="array"/>
            <env name="TELESCOPE_ENABLED" value="false"/>
        </php>
    </phpunit>
    
   public
   +---- index.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;

    define('LARAVEL_START', microtime(true));

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Check If The Application Is Under Maintenance
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | If the application is in maintenance / demo mode via the "down" command
    | we will load this file so that any pre-rendered content can be shown
    | instead of starting the framework, which could cause an exception.
    |
    */

    if (file_exists($maintenance = __DIR__.'/../storage/framework/maintenance.php')) {
        require $maintenance;
    }

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Register The Auto Loader
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Composer provides a convenient, automatically generated class loader for
    | this application. We just need to utilize it! We'll simply require it
    | into the script here so we don't need to manually load our classes.
    |
    */

    require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Run The Application
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request using
    | the application's HTTP kernel. Then, we will send the response back
    | to this client's browser, allowing them to enjoy our application.
    |
    */

    $app = require_once __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

    $kernel = $app->make(Kernel::class);

    $response = $kernel->handle(
        $request = Request::capture()
    )->send();

    $kernel->terminate($request, $response);
    
   +---- robots.txt

    User-agent: *
    Disallow:
    
   resources
   +---- css
   |      +---- app.css

    
   +---- js
   |      +---- app.js

    require('./bootstrap');
    
   |      +---- bootstrap.js

    window._ = require('lodash');

    /**
        * We'll load the axios HTTP library which allows us to easily issue requests
        * to our Laravel back-end. This library automatically handles sending the
        * CSRF token as a header based on the value of the "XSRF" token cookie.
        */

    window.axios = require('axios');

    window.axios.defaults.headers.common['X-Requested-With'] = 'XMLHttpRequest';

    /**
        * Echo exposes an expressive API for subscribing to channels and listening
        * for events that are broadcast by Laravel. Echo and event broadcasting
        * allows your team to easily build robust real-time web applications.
        */

    // import Echo from 'laravel-echo';

    // window.Pusher = require('pusher-js');

    // window.Echo = new Echo({
    //     broadcaster: 'pusher',
    //     key: process.env.MIX_PUSHER_APP_KEY,
    //     cluster: process.env.MIX_PUSHER_APP_CLUSTER,
    //     forceTLS: true
    // });
    
   +---- views
   |      +---- vendor
   |            +---- l5-swagger
   |                  +---- index.blade.php

    <!-- HTML for static distribution bundle build -->
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>{{config('l5-swagger.documentations.'.$documentation.'.api.title')}}</title>
        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700|Source+Code+Pro:300,600|Titillium+Web:400,600,700" rel="stylesheet">
        <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ l5_swagger_asset($documentation, 'swagger-ui.css') }}" >
        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{{ l5_swagger_asset($documentation, 'favicon-32x32.png') }}" sizes="32x32" />
        <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="{{ l5_swagger_asset($documentation, 'favicon-16x16.png') }}" sizes="16x16" />
        <style>
        html
        {
            box-sizing: border-box;
            overflow: -moz-scrollbars-vertical;
            overflow-y: scroll;
        }
        *,
        *:before,
        *:after
        {
            box-sizing: inherit;
        }

        body {
            margin:0;
            background: #fafafa;
        }
        </style>
    </head>

    <body>

    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" style="position:absolute;width:0;height:0">
        <defs>
        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="unlocked">
                <path d="M15.8 8H14V5.6C14 2.703 12.665 1 10 1 7.334 1 6 2.703 6 5.6V6h2v-.801C8 3.754 8.797 3 10 3c1.203 0 2 .754 2 2.199V8H4c-.553 0-1 .646-1 1.199V17c0 .549.428 1.139.951 1.307l1.197.387C5.672 18.861 6.55 19 7.1 19h5.8c.549 0 1.428-.139 1.951-.307l1.196-.387c.524-.167.953-.757.953-1.306V9.199C17 8.646 16.352 8 15.8 8z"></path>
        </symbol>

        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="locked">
            <path d="M15.8 8H14V5.6C14 2.703 12.665 1 10 1 7.334 1 6 2.703 6 5.6V8H4c-.553 0-1 .646-1 1.199V17c0 .549.428 1.139.951 1.307l1.197.387C5.672 18.861 6.55 19 7.1 19h5.8c.549 0 1.428-.139 1.951-.307l1.196-.387c.524-.167.953-.757.953-1.306V9.199C17 8.646 16.352 8 15.8 8zM12 8H8V5.199C8 3.754 8.797 3 10 3c1.203 0 2 .754 2 2.199V8z"/>
        </symbol>

        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="close">
            <path d="M14.348 14.849c-.469.469-1.229.469-1.697 0L10 11.819l-2.651 3.029c-.469.469-1.229.469-1.697 0-.469-.469-.469-1.229 0-1.697l2.758-3.15-2.759-3.152c-.469-.469-.469-1.228 0-1.697.469-.469 1.228-.469 1.697 0L10 8.183l2.651-3.031c.469-.469 1.228-.469 1.697 0 .469.469.469 1.229 0 1.697l-2.758 3.152 2.758 3.15c.469.469.469 1.229 0 1.698z"/>
        </symbol>

        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="large-arrow">
            <path d="M13.25 10L6.109 2.58c-.268-.27-.268-.707 0-.979.268-.27.701-.27.969 0l7.83 7.908c.268.271.268.709 0 .979l-7.83 7.908c-.268.271-.701.27-.969 0-.268-.269-.268-.707 0-.979L13.25 10z"/>
        </symbol>

        <symbol viewBox="0 0 20 20" id="large-arrow-down">
            <path d="M17.418 6.109c.272-.268.709-.268.979 0s.271.701 0 .969l-7.908 7.83c-.27.268-.707.268-.979 0l-7.908-7.83c-.27-.268-.27-.701 0-.969.271-.268.709-.268.979 0L10 13.25l7.418-7.141z"/>
        </symbol>


        <symbol viewBox="0 0 24 24" id="jump-to">
            <path d="M19 7v4H5.83l3.58-3.59L8 6l-6 6 6 6 1.41-1.41L5.83 13H21V7z"/>
        </symbol>

        <symbol viewBox="0 0 24 24" id="expand">
            <path d="M10 18h4v-2h-4v2zM3 6v2h18V6H3zm3 7h12v-2H6v2z"/>
        </symbol>

        </defs>
    </svg>

    <div id="swagger-ui"></div>

    <script src="{{ l5_swagger_asset($documentation, 'swagger-ui-bundle.js') }}"> </script>
    <script src="{{ l5_swagger_asset($documentation, 'swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js') }}"> </script>
    <script>
    window.onload = function() {
        // Build a system
        const ui = SwaggerUIBundle({
        dom_id: '#swagger-ui',

        url: "{!! $urlToDocs !!}",
        operationsSorter: {!! isset($operationsSorter) ? '"' . $operationsSorter . '"' : 'null' !!},
        configUrl: {!! isset($configUrl) ? '"' . $configUrl . '"' : 'null' !!},
        validatorUrl: {!! isset($validatorUrl) ? '"' . $validatorUrl . '"' : 'null' !!},
        oauth2RedirectUrl: "{{ route('l5-swagger.'.$documentation.'.oauth2_callback') }}",

        requestInterceptor: function(request) {
            request.headers['X-CSRF-TOKEN'] = '{{ csrf_token() }}';
            return request;
        },

        presets: [
            SwaggerUIBundle.presets.apis,
            SwaggerUIStandalonePreset
        ],

        plugins: [
            SwaggerUIBundle.plugins.DownloadUrl
        ],

        layout: "StandaloneLayout",

        persistAuthorization: {!! config('l5-swagger.defaults.persist_authorization') ? 'true' : 'false' !!},
        })

        window.ui = ui
    }
    </script>
    </body>

    </html>
    
   |      +---- welcome.blade.php

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
        <head>
            <meta charset="utf-8">
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

            <title>Laravel</title>

            <!-- Fonts -->
            <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Nunito:wght@400;600;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">

            <!-- Styles -->
            <style>
                /*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0}a{background-color:transparent}[hidden]{display:none}html{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji;line-height:1.5}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box;border:0 solid #e2e8f0}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit}svg,video{display:block;vertical-align:middle}video{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bg-white{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#fff;background-color:rgba(255,255,255,var(--bg-opacity))}.bg-gray-100{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#f7fafc;background-color:rgba(247,250,252,var(--bg-opacity))}.border-gray-200{--border-opacity:1;border-color:#edf2f7;border-color:rgba(237,242,247,var(--border-opacity))}.border-t{border-top-width:1px}.flex{display:flex}.grid{display:grid}.hidden{display:none}.items-center{align-items:center}.justify-center{justify-content:center}.font-semibold{font-weight:600}.h-5{height:1.25rem}.h-8{height:2rem}.h-16{height:4rem}.text-sm{font-size:.875rem}.text-lg{font-size:1.125rem}.leading-7{line-height:1.75rem}.mx-auto{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.ml-1{margin-left:.25rem}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem}.mr-2{margin-right:.5rem}.ml-2{margin-left:.5rem}.mt-4{margin-top:1rem}.ml-4{margin-left:1rem}.mt-8{margin-top:2rem}.ml-12{margin-left:3rem}.-mt-px{margin-top:-1px}.max-w-6xl{max-width:72rem}.min-h-screen{min-height:100vh}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.p-6{padding:1.5rem}.py-4{padding-top:1rem;padding-bottom:1rem}.px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.pt-8{padding-top:2rem}.fixed{position:fixed}.relative{position:relative}.top-0{top:0}.right-0{right:0}.shadow{box-shadow:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.1),0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.06)}.text-center{text-align:center}.text-gray-200{--text-opacity:1;color:#edf2f7;color:rgba(237,242,247,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-300{--text-opacity:1;color:#e2e8f0;color:rgba(226,232,240,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-400{--text-opacity:1;color:#cbd5e0;color:rgba(203,213,224,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-500{--text-opacity:1;color:#a0aec0;color:rgba(160,174,192,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-600{--text-opacity:1;color:#718096;color:rgba(113,128,150,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-700{--text-opacity:1;color:#4a5568;color:rgba(74,85,104,var(--text-opacity))}.text-gray-900{--text-opacity:1;color:#1a202c;color:rgba(26,32,44,var(--text-opacity))}.underline{text-decoration:underline}.antialiased{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}.w-5{width:1.25rem}.w-8{width:2rem}.w-auto{width:auto}.grid-cols-1{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,minmax(0,1fr))}@media (min-width:640px){.sm\:rounded-lg{border-radius:.5rem}.sm\:block{display:block}.sm\:items-center{align-items:center}.sm\:justify-start{justify-content:flex-start}.sm\:justify-between{justify-content:space-between}.sm\:h-20{height:5rem}.sm\:ml-0{margin-left:0}.sm\:px-6{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.sm\:pt-0{padding-top:0}.sm\:text-left{text-align:left}.sm\:text-right{text-align:right}}@media (min-width:768px){.md\:border-t-0{border-top-width:0}.md\:border-l{border-left-width:1px}.md\:grid-cols-2{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (min-width:1024px){.lg\:px-8{padding-left:2rem;padding-right:2rem}}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){.dark\:bg-gray-800{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#2d3748;background-color:rgba(45,55,72,var(--bg-opacity))}.dark\:bg-gray-900{--bg-opacity:1;background-color:#1a202c;background-color:rgba(26,32,44,var(--bg-opacity))}.dark\:border-gray-700{--border-opacity:1;border-color:#4a5568;border-color:rgba(74,85,104,var(--border-opacity))}.dark\:text-white{--text-opacity:1;color:#fff;color:rgba(255,255,255,var(--text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-400{--text-opacity:1;color:#cbd5e0;color:rgba(203,213,224,var(--text-opacity))}.dark\:text-gray-500{--tw-text-opacity:1;color:#6b7280;color:rgba(107,114,128,var(--tw-text-opacity))}}
            </style>

            <style>
                body {
                    font-family: 'Nunito', sans-serif;
                }
            </style>
        </head>
        <body class="antialiased">
            <div class="relative flex items-top justify-center min-h-screen bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-900 sm:items-center py-4 sm:pt-0">
                @if (Route::has('login'))
                    <div class="hidden fixed top-0 right-0 px-6 py-4 sm:block">
                        @auth
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                        @else
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   routes
   +---- api.php

    <?php

    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles\ArticleController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles\CommentsController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\Articles\FavoritesController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\AuthController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\ProfileController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\TagsController;
    use App\Http\Controllers\Api\UserController;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | API Routes
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here is where you can register API routes for your application. These
    | routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
    | is assigned the "api" middleware group. Enjoy building your API!
    |
    */

    Route::name('api.')->group(function () {
        Route::name('users.')->group(function () {
            Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
                Route::get('user', [UserController::class, 'show'])->name('current');
                Route::put('user', [UserController::class, 'update'])->name('update');
            });

            Route::post('users/login', [AuthController::class, 'login'])->name('login');
            Route::post('users', [AuthController::class, 'register'])->name('register');
        });

        Route::name('profiles.')->group(function () {
            Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
                Route::post('profiles/{username}/follow', [ProfileController::class, 'follow'])->name('follow');
                Route::delete('profiles/{username}/follow', [ProfileController::class, 'unfollow'])->name('unfollow');
            });

            Route::get('profiles/{username}', [ProfileController::class, 'show'])->name('get');
        });

        Route::name('articles.')->group(function () {
            Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
                Route::get('articles/feed', [ArticleController::class, 'feed'])->name('feed');
                Route::post('articles', [ArticleController::class, 'create'])->name('create');
                Route::put('articles/{slug}', [ArticleController::class, 'update'])->name('update');
                Route::delete('articles/{slug}', [ArticleController::class, 'delete'])->name('delete');
            });

            Route::get('articles', [ArticleController::class, 'list'])->name('list');
            Route::get('articles/{slug}', [ArticleController::class, 'show'])->name('get');

            Route::name('comments.')->group(function () {
                Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
                    Route::post('articles/{slug}/comments', [CommentsController::class, 'create'])->name('create');
                    Route::delete('articles/{slug}/comments/{id}', [CommentsController::class, 'delete'])->name('delete');
                });

                Route::get('articles/{slug}/comments', [CommentsController::class, 'list'])->name('get');
            });

            Route::name('favorites.')->group(function () {
                Route::middleware('auth:api')->group(function () {
                    Route::post('articles/{slug}/favorite', [FavoritesController::class, 'add'])->name('add');
                    Route::delete('articles/{slug}/favorite', [FavoritesController::class, 'remove'])->name('remove');
                });
            });
        });

        Route::name('tags.')->group(function () {
            Route::get('tags', [TagsController::class, 'list'])->name('list');
        });
    });
    
   +---- channels.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Broadcast;

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Broadcast Channels
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here you may register all of the event broadcasting channels that your
    | application supports. The given channel authorization callbacks are
    | used to check if an authenticated user can listen to the channel.
    |
    */

    Broadcast::channel('App.Models.User.{id}', function ($user, $id) {
        return (int) $user->id === (int) $id;
    });
    
   +---- console.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Inspiring;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Artisan;

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Console Routes
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This file is where you may define all of your Closure based console
    | commands. Each Closure is bound to a command instance allowing a
    | simple approach to interacting with each command's IO methods.
    |
    */

    Artisan::command('inspire', function () {
        $this->comment(Inspiring::quote());
    })->purpose('Display an inspiring quote');
    
   +---- web.php

    <?php

    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Web Routes
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
    | routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
    | contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
    |
    */

    /*Route::get('/', function () {
        return view('welcome');
    });*/
    
   storage
   +---- api-docs
   |      +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   +---- app
   |      +---- .gitignore

    *
    !public/
    !.gitignore
    
   |      +---- public
   |            +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   +---- framework
   |      +---- .gitignore

    compiled.php
    config.php
    down
    events.scanned.php
    maintenance.php
    routes.php
    routes.scanned.php
    schedule-*
    services.json
    
   |      +---- cache
   |            +---- .gitignore

    *
    !data/
    !.gitignore
    
   |            +---- data
   |                  +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   |      +---- sessions
   |            +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   |      +---- testing
   |            +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   |      +---- views
   |            +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   +---- logs
   |      +---- .gitignore

    *
    !.gitignore
    
   tests
   +---- CreatesApplication.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests;

    use Illuminate\Contracts\Console\Kernel;

    trait CreatesApplication
    {
        /**
            * Creates the application.
            *
            * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
            */
        public function createApplication()
        {
            $app = require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

            $app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();

            return $app;
        }
    }
    
   +---- Feature
   |      +---- Api
   |            +---- Article
   |                  +---- ArticleFeedTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ArticleFeedTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            // create 30 articles
            $authors = User::factory()
                ->has(Article::factory()->count(6), 'articles')
                ->count(5);

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->has($authors, 'authors')
                ->create();

            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testArticleFeed(): void
        {
            // new dummy articles shouldn't be returned
            Article::factory()->count(5)->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->getJson('/api/articles/feed');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->where('articlesCount', 20)
                        ->count('articles', 20)
                        ->has('articles', fn (AssertableJson $items) =>
                            $items->each(fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                                $item->where('tagList', [])
                                    ->whereAllType([
                                        'slug' => 'string',
                                        'title' => 'string',
                                        'description' => 'string',
                                        'body' => 'string',
                                        'createdAt' => 'string',
                                        'updatedAt' => 'string',
                                    ])
                                    ->whereAll([
                                        'favorited' => false,
                                        'favoritesCount' => 0,
                                    ])
                                    ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                        $subItem->where('following', true)
                                            ->whereAllType([
                                                'username' => 'string',
                                                'bio' => 'string|null',
                                                'image' => 'string|null',
                                            ])
                                    )
                            )
                        )
                );

            // verify all authors are followed
            foreach ($response['articles'] as $article) {
                $this->assertTrue(
                    Arr::get($article, 'author.following'),
                    'Author of the article must be followed.'
                );
            }
        }

        public function testArticleFeedLimit(): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->getJson('/api/articles/feed?limit=25');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 25)
                ->assertJsonCount(25, 'articles');
        }

        public function testArticleFeedOffset(): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->getJson('/api/articles/feed?offset=20');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 10)
                ->assertJsonCount(10, 'articles');
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider queryProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testArticleFeedValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->json('GET', '/api/articles/feed', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        public function testArticleFeedWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/articles/feed')
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function queryProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['limit', 'offset'];

            return [
                'not integer' => [['limit' => 'string', 'offset' => 0.123], $errors],
                'less than zero' => [['limit' => -123, 'offset' => -321], $errors],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- CreateArticleTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Tag;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class CreateArticleTest extends TestCase
    {
        use WithFaker;

        public function testCreateArticle(): void
        {
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()->create();

            $title = 'Original title';
            $description = $this->faker->paragraph();
            $body = $this->faker->text();
            $tags = ['one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five'];

            $response = $this->actingAs($author)
                ->postJson('/api/articles', [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $title,
                        'slug' => 'different-slug', // must be overwritten with title slug
                        'description' => $description,
                        'body' => $body,
                        'tagList' => $tags,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertCreated()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('article', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->where('tagList', $tags)
                            ->whereAll([
                                'slug' => 'original-title',
                                'title' => $title,
                                'description' => $description,
                                'body' => $body,
                                'favorited' => false,
                                'favoritesCount' => 0,
                            ])
                            ->whereAllType([
                                'createdAt' => 'string',
                                'updatedAt' => 'string',
                            ])
                            ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                $subItem->whereAll([
                                    'username' => $author->username,
                                    'bio' => $author->bio,
                                    'image' => $author->image,
                                    'following' => false,
                                ])
                            )
                    )
                );
        }

        public function testCreateArticleEmptyTags(): void
        {
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($author)
                ->postJson('/api/articles', [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $this->faker->sentence(4),
                        'description' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
                        'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                        'tagList' => [],
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertCreated()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.tagList', []);
        }

        public function testCreateArticleExistingTags(): void
        {
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()->create();
            /** @var Tag[]|\Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection $tags */
            $tags = Tag::factory()
                ->count(5)
                ->create();
            $tagsList = $tags->pluck('name')->toArray();

            $response = $this->actingAs($author)
                ->postJson('/api/articles', [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $this->faker->sentence(4),
                        'description' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
                        'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                        'tagList' => $tagsList,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertCreated()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.tagList', $tagsList);

            $this->assertDatabaseCount('tags', 5);
            $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_tag', 5);
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider articleProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testCreateArticleValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($author)
                ->postJson('/api/articles', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        public function testCreateArticleValidationUnique(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($article->author)
                ->postJson('/api/articles', [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $article->title,
                        'description' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
                        'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid('slug');
        }

        public function testCreateArticleWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $response = $this->postJson('/api/articles', [
                'article' => [
                    'title' => $this->faker->sentence(4),
                    'description' => $this->faker->paragraph(),
                    'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function articleProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['title', 'description', 'body'];
            $tags = ['tagList.0', 'tagList.1', 'tagList.2'];

            return [
                'required' => [[], $errors],
                'not strings' => [[
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => 123,
                        'description' => [],
                        'body' => null,
                        'tagList' => [
                            123, [], null,
                        ],
                    ],
                ], array_merge($errors, $tags)],
                'not array' => [['article' => ['tagList' => 'str']], 'tagList'],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- DeleteArticleTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class DeleteArticleTest extends TestCase
    {
        private Article $article;
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $this->article = $article;
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testDeleteArticle(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->article->author)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}")
                ->assertOk();

            $this->assertModelMissing($this->article);
        }

        public function testDeleteForeignArticle(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}")
                ->assertForbidden();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->article);
        }

        public function testDeleteNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/non-existent")
                ->assertNotFound();
        }

        public function testDeleteArticleWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}")
                ->assertUnauthorized();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->article);
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ListArticlesTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Tag;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ListArticlesTest extends TestCase
    {
        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            Article::factory()->count(30)->create();
        }

        public function testListArticles(): void
        {
            $response = $this->getJson('/api/articles');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->where('articlesCount', 20)
                        ->count('articles', 20)
                        ->has('articles', fn (AssertableJson $items) =>
                            $items->each(fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                                $item->missing('favorited')
                                    ->whereAllType([
                                        'slug' => 'string',
                                        'title' => 'string',
                                        'description' => 'string',
                                        'body' => 'string',
                                        'createdAt' => 'string',
                                        'updatedAt' => 'string',
                                    ])
                                    ->whereAll([
                                        'tagList' => [],
                                        'favoritesCount' => 0,
                                    ])
                                    ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                        $subItem->missing('following')
                                            ->whereAllType([
                                                'username' => 'string',
                                                'bio' => 'string|null',
                                                'image' => 'string|null',
                                            ])
                                    )
                            )
                        )
                );
        }

        public function testListArticlesByTag(): void
        {
            // dummy articles shouldn't be returned
            Article::factory()
                ->has(Tag::factory()->count(3))
                ->count(20)
                ->create();

            /** @var Tag $tag */
            $tag = Tag::factory()
                ->has(Article::factory()->count(10), 'articles')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles?tag={$tag->name}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 10)
                ->assertJsonCount(10, 'articles');

            // verify has tag
            foreach ($response['articles'] as $article) {
                $this->assertContains(
                    $tag->name, Arr::get($article, 'tagList'),
                    "Article must have tag {$tag->name}"
                );
            }
        }

        public function testListArticlesByAuthor(): void
        {
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()
                ->has(Article::factory()->count(5), 'articles')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles?author={$author->username}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 5)
                ->assertJsonCount(5, 'articles');

            // verify same author
            foreach ($response['articles'] as $article) {
                $this->assertSame(
                    $author->username,
                    Arr::get($article, 'author.username'),
                    "Author must be {$author->username}."
                );
            }
        }

        public function testListArticlesByFavored(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->has(Article::factory()->count(15), 'favorites')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles?favorited={$user->username}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 15)
                ->assertJsonCount(15, 'articles');

            // verify favored
            foreach ($response['articles'] as $article) {
                $this->assertSame(
                    1, Arr::get($article, 'favoritesCount'),
                    "Article must be favored by {$user->username}."
                );
            }
        }

        public function testArticleFeedLimit(): void
        {
            $response = $this->getJson('/api/articles?limit=25');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 25)
                ->assertJsonCount(25, 'articles');
        }

        public function testArticleFeedOffset(): void
        {
            $response = $this->getJson('/api/articles?offset=20');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('articlesCount', 10)
                ->assertJsonCount(10, 'articles');
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider queryProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testArticleListValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->json('GET', '/api/articles', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function queryProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['limit', 'offset'];

            return [
                'not integer' => [['limit' => 'string', 'offset' => 0.123], $errors],
                'less than zero' => [['limit' => -123, 'offset' => -321], $errors],
                'not strings' => [[
                    'tag' => 123,
                    'author' => [],
                    'favorited' => null,
                ], ['tag', 'author', 'favorited']],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ShowArticleTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Tag;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ShowArticleTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testShowArticleWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->has(Tag::factory()->count(5), 'tags')
                ->create();
            $author = $article->author;
            $tags = $article->tags;

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('article', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->missing('favorited')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'slug' => $article->slug,
                                'title' => $article->title,
                                'description' => $article->description,
                                'body' => $article->body,
                                'tagList' => $tags->pluck('name'),
                                'createdAt' => $article->created_at?->toISOString(),
                                'updatedAt' => $article->updated_at?->toISOString(),
                                'favoritesCount' => 0,
                            ])
                            ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                $subItem->missing('following')
                                    ->whereAll([
                                        'username' => $author->username,
                                        'bio' => $author->bio,
                                        'image' => $author->image,
                                    ])
                            )
                    )
                );
        }

        public function testShowFavoredArticleWithUnfollowedAuthor(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->hasAttached($user, [], 'favoredUsers')
                ->create();

            $this->assertTrue($article->favoredUsers->contains($user));

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favorited', true)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favoritesCount', 1)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.author.following', false);
        }

        public function testShowUnfavoredArticleWithFollowedAuthor(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            /** @var User $author */
            $author = User::factory()
                ->hasAttached($user, [], 'followers')
                ->create();
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->for($author, 'author')
                ->create();

            $this->assertTrue($author->followers->contains($user));

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favorited', false)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favoritesCount', 0)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.author.following', true);
        }

        public function testShowNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/articles/non-existent')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UpdateArticleTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Article;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class UpdateArticleTest extends TestCase
    {
        use WithFaker;

        private Article $article;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();
            $this->article = $article;
        }

        public function testUpdateArticle(): void
        {
            $author = $this->article->author;

            $this->assertNotEquals($title = 'Updated title', $this->article->title);
            $this->assertNotEquals($fakeSlug = 'overwrite-slug', $this->article->slug);
            $this->assertNotEquals($description = 'New description.', $this->article->description);
            $this->assertNotEquals($body = 'Updated article body.', $this->article->body);

            // update by one to check required_without_all rule
            $this->actingAs($author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", ['article' => ['description' => $description]])
                ->assertOk();
            $this->actingAs($author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", ['article' => ['body' => $body]]);
            $response = $this->actingAs($author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $title,
                        'slug' => $fakeSlug, // must be overwritten with title slug
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('article', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->whereType('updatedAt', 'string')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'slug' => 'updated-title',
                                'title' => $title,
                                'description' => $description,
                                'body' => $body,
                                'tagList' => [],
                                'createdAt' => $this->article->created_at?->toISOString(),
                                'favorited' => false,
                                'favoritesCount' => 0,
                            ])
                            ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                $subItem->whereAll([
                                    'username' => $author->username,
                                    'bio' => $author->bio,
                                    'image' => $author->image,
                                    'following' => false,
                                ])
                            )
                    )
                );
        }

        public function testUpdateForeignArticle(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", [
                    'article' => [
                        'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertForbidden();
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider articleProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testUpdateArticleValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->article->author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        public function testUpdateArticleValidationUnique(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $anotherArticle */
            $anotherArticle = Article::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->article->author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $anotherArticle->title,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid('slug');
        }

        public function testSelfUpdateArticleValidationUnique(): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->article->author)
                ->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", [
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => $this->article->title,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.slug', $this->article->slug);
        }

        public function testUpdateNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->putJson('/api/articles/non-existent', [
                    'article' => [
                        'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertNotFound();
        }

        public function testUpdateArticleWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $response = $this->putJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}", [
                'article' => [
                    'body' => $this->faker->text(),
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function articleProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['title', 'description', 'body'];

            return [
                'required' => [[], $errors],
                'not strings' => [[
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => 123,
                        'description' => [],
                        'body' => null,
                    ],
                ], $errors],
                'empty strings' => [[
                    'article' => [
                        'title' => '',
                        'description' => '',
                        'body' => '',
                    ],
                ], $errors],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- Auth
   |                  +---- JwtGuardTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Auth;

    use App\Jwt;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class JwtGuardTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;
        private string $token;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $this->user = $user;
            $this->token = Jwt\Generator::token($user);
        }

        public function testGuardTokenParse(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/user?token=string')
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        public function testGuardTokenValidation(): void
        {
            $this->user->delete();

            $this->getJson("/api/user?token={$this->token}")
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        public function testGuardWithHeaderToken(): void
        {
            $response = $this->getJson('/api/user', [
                'Authorization' => "Token {$this->token}",
            ]);

            $response->assertOk();
        }

        public function testGuardWithQueryToken(): void
        {
            $this->getJson("/api/user?token={$this->token}")
                ->assertOk();
        }

        public function testGuardWithJsonBodyToken(): void
        {
            $response = $this->json('GET', '/api/user', [
                'token' => $this->token,
            ]);

            $response->assertOk();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- LoginTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Auth;

    use App\Jwt;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
    use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class LoginTest extends TestCase
    {
        use WithFaker;

        public function testLoginUser(): void
        {
            $password = $this->faker->password(8);
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->state(['password' => Hash::make($password)])
                ->create();

            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users/login', [
                'user' => [
                    'email' => $user->email,
                    'password' => $password,
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('user', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->whereType('token', 'string')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'username' => $user->username,
                                'email' => $user->email,
                                'bio' => $user->bio,
                                'image' => $user->image,
                            ])
                    )
                );

            $token = Jwt\Parser::parse($response['user']['token']);
            $this->assertTrue(Jwt\Validator::validate($token));
        }

        public function testLoginUserFail(): void
        {
            $password = 'knownPassword';
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->state(['password' => Hash::make($password)])
                ->create();

            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users/login', [
                'user' => [
                    'email' => $user->email,
                    'password' => 'differentPassword',
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid('user');
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider credentialsProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testLoginUserValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users/login', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function credentialsProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['email', 'password'];

            return [
                'required' => [[], $errors],
                'not strings' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'email' => [],
                        'password' => null,
                    ],
                ], $errors],
                'empty strings' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'email' => '',
                        'password' => '',
                    ],
                ], $errors],
                'not email' => [['user' => ['email' => 'not an email']], 'email'],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- RegisterTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Auth;

    use App\Jwt;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class RegisterTest extends TestCase
    {
        use WithFaker;

        public function testRegisterUser(): void
        {
            $username = $this->faker->userName();
            $email = $this->faker->safeEmail();

            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users', [
                'user' => [
                    'username' => $username,
                    'email' => $email,
                    'password' => $this->faker->password(8),
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertCreated()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('user', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->whereType('token', 'string')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'username' => $username,
                                'email' => $email,
                                'bio' => null,
                                'image' => null,
                            ])
                    )
                );

            $token = Jwt\Parser::parse($response['user']['token']);
            $this->assertTrue(Jwt\Validator::validate($token));
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider userProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testRegisterUserValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        public function testRegisterUserValidationUnique(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->postJson('/api/users', [
                'user' => [
                    'username' => $user->username,
                    'email' => $user->email,
                    'password' => $this->faker->password(8),
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid(['username', 'email']);
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function userProvider(): array
        {
            $errors = ['username', 'email', 'password'];

            return [
                'required' => [[], $errors],
                'not strings' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => 123,
                        'email' => [],
                        'password' => null,
                    ],
                ], $errors],
                'empty strings' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => '',
                        'email' => '',
                        'password' => '',
                    ],
                ], $errors],
                'bad username' => [['user' => ['username' => 'user n@me']], 'username'],
                'not email' => [['user' => ['email' => 'not an email']], 'email'],
                'small password' => [['user' => ['password' => 'small']], 'password'],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- Comments
   |                  +---- CreateCommentTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Comments;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithFaker;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class CreateCommentTest extends TestCase
    {
        use WithFaker;

        private Article $article;
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $this->article = $article;
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testCreateCommentForArticle(): void
        {
            $message = $this->faker->sentence();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments", [
                    'comment' => [
                        'body' => $message,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertCreated()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('comment', fn (AssertableJson $comment) =>
                        $comment->where('body', $message)
                            ->whereAllType([
                                'id' => 'integer',
                                'createdAt' => 'string',
                                'updatedAt' => 'string',
                            ])
                            ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $author) =>
                                $author->whereAll([
                                    'username' => $this->user->username,
                                    'bio' => $this->user->bio,
                                    'image' => $this->user->image,
                                    'following' => false,
                                ])
                            )
                    )
                );
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider commentProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            */
        public function testCreateCommentValidation(array $data): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments", $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid('body');
        }

        public function testCreateCommentForNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson("/api/articles/non-existent/comments", [
                    'comment' => [
                        'body' => $this->faker->sentence(),
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertNotFound();
        }

        public function testCreateCommentWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $response = $this->postJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments", [
                'comment' => [
                    'body' => $this->faker->sentence(),
                ],
            ]);

            $response->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function commentProvider(): array
        {
            return [
                'empty data' => [[]],
                'no comment wrap' => [['body' => 'example-message']],
                'empty message' => [['comment' => ['body' => '']]],
                'integer message' => [['comment' => ['body' => 123]]],
                'array message' => [['comment' => ['body' => []]]],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- DeleteCommentTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Comments;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Comment;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class DeleteCommentTest extends TestCase
    {
        private Comment $comment;
        private Article $article;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var Comment $comment */
            $comment = Comment::factory()->create();

            $this->comment = $comment;
            $this->article = $comment->article;
        }

        public function testDeleteArticleComment(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->comment->author)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments/{$this->comment->getKey()}")
                ->assertOk();

            $this->assertModelMissing($this->comment);
        }

        public function testDeleteCommentOfNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            $this->assertNotSame($nonExistentSlug = 'non-existent', $this->article->slug);

            $this->actingAs($this->comment->author)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$nonExistentSlug}/comments/{$this->comment->getKey()}")
                ->assertNotFound();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->comment);
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider nonExistentIdProvider
            * @param mixed $nonExistentId
            */
        public function testDeleteNonExistentArticleComment($nonExistentId): void
        {
            $this->assertNotEquals($nonExistentId, $this->comment->getKey());

            $this->actingAs($this->comment->author)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments/{$nonExistentId}")
                ->assertNotFound();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->comment);
        }

        public function testDeleteForeignArticleComment(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $this->actingAs($user)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments/{$this->comment->getKey()}")
                ->assertForbidden();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->comment);
        }

        public function testDeleteCommentOfForeignArticle(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $this->actingAs($this->comment->author)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/comments/{$this->comment->getKey()}")
                ->assertNotFound();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->comment);
        }

        public function testDeleteCommentWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$this->article->slug}/comments/{$this->comment->getKey()}")
                ->assertUnauthorized();

            $this->assertModelExists($this->comment);
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function nonExistentIdProvider(): array
        {
            return [
                'int key' => [123],
                'string key' => ['non-existent'],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ListCommentsTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Comments;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\Comment;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ListCommentsTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testListArticleCommentsWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->has(Comment::factory()->count(5), 'comments')
                ->create();
            /** @var Comment $comment */
            $comment = $article->comments->first();
            $author = $comment->author;

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/comments");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('comments', 5, fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->where('id', $comment->getKey())
                            ->whereAll([
                                'createdAt' => $comment->created_at?->toISOString(),
                                'updatedAt' => $comment->updated_at?->toISOString(),
                                'body' => $comment->body,
                            ])
                            ->has('author', fn (AssertableJson $subItem) =>
                                $subItem->missing('following')
                                    ->whereAll([
                                        'username' => $author->username,
                                        'bio' => $author->bio,
                                        'image' => $author->image,
                                    ])
                            )
                    )
                );
        }

        public function testListArticleCommentsFollowedAuthor(): void
        {
            /** @var Comment $comment */
            $comment = Comment::factory()->create();
            $author = $comment->author;
            /** @var User $follower */
            $follower = User::factory()
                ->hasAttached($author, [], 'authors')
                ->create();
            $article = $comment->article;

            $response = $this->actingAs($follower)
                ->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/comments");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('comments.0.author.following', true);
        }

        public function testListArticleCommentsUnfollowedAuthor(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->has(Comment::factory(), 'comments')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/comments");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('comments.0.author.following', false);
        }

        public function testListEmptyArticleComments(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/comments");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertExactJson(['comments' => []]);
        }

        public function testListCommentsOfNonExistentArticle(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/articles/non-existent/comments')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- Favorites
   |                  +---- AddFavoritesTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Favorites;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class AddFavoritesTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testAddArticleToFavorites(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite");
            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favorited', true)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favoritesCount', 1);

            $this->assertTrue($this->user->favorites->contains($article));

            $repeatedResponse = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite");
            $repeatedResponse->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favoritesCount', 1);

            $this->assertDatabaseCount('article_favorite', 1);
        }

        public function testAddNonExistentArticleToFavorites(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson('/api/articles/non-existent/favorite')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }

        public function testAddArticleToFavoritesWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $this->postJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite")
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- RemoveFavoritesTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Favorites;

    use App\Models\Article;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class RemoveFavoritesTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testRemoveArticleFromFavorites(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()
                ->hasAttached($this->user, [], 'favoredUsers')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite");
            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favorited', false)
                ->assertJsonPath('article.favoritesCount', 0);

            $this->assertTrue($this->user->favorites->doesntContain($article));

            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite")
                ->assertOk();
        }

        public function testRemoveNonExistentArticleFromFavorites(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson('/api/articles/non-existent/favorite')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }

        public function testRemoveArticleFromFavoritesWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            /** @var Article $article */
            $article = Article::factory()->create();

            $this->deleteJson("/api/articles/{$article->slug}/favorite")
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- Profile
   |                  +---- FollowProfileTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Profile;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class FollowProfileTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testFollowProfile(): void
        {
            /** @var User $follower */
            $follower = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($follower)
                ->postJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow");
            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('profile.following', true);

            $this->assertTrue($this->user->followers->contains($follower));

            $this->actingAs($follower)
                ->postJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow")
                ->assertOk();

            $this->assertDatabaseCount('author_follower', 1);
        }

        public function testFollowProfileWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->postJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow")
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        public function testFollowNonExistentProfile(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->postJson('/api/profiles/non-existent/follow')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- ShowProfileTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Profile;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ShowProfileTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $profile;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->profile = $user;
        }

        public function testShowProfileWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            /** @var User $profile */
            $profile = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->getJson("/api/profiles/{$profile->username}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertExactJson([
                    'profile' => [
                        'username' => $profile->username,
                        'bio' => $profile->bio,
                        'image' => $profile->image,
                    ],
                ]);
        }

        public function testShowUnfollowedProfile(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson("/api/profiles/{$this->profile->username}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('profile.following', false);
        }

        public function testShowFollowedProfile(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->hasAttached($this->profile, [], 'authors')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson("/api/profiles/{$this->profile->username}");

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('profile.following', true);
        }

        public function testShowNonExistentProfile(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/profiles/non-existent')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UnfollowProfileTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\Profile;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class UnfollowProfileTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testUnfollowProfile(): void
        {
            /** @var User $follower */
            $follower = User::factory()
                ->hasAttached($this->user, [], 'authors')
                ->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($follower)
                ->deleteJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow");
            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('profile.following', false);

            $this->assertTrue($this->user->followers->doesntContain($follower));

            $this->actingAs($follower)
                ->deleteJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow")
                ->assertOk();
        }

        public function testUnfollowProfileWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->deleteJson("/api/profiles/{$this->user->username}/follow")
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        public function testUnfollowNonExistentProfile(): void
        {
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->deleteJson('/api/profiles/non-existent/follow')
                ->assertNotFound();
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- TagsTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api;

    use App\Http\Resources\Api\TagResource;
    use App\Models\Tag;
    use Illuminate\Http\Request;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class TagsTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testReturnsTagsList(): void
        {
            $tags = Tag::factory()->count(5)->create();

            $response = $this->getJson('/api/tags');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertExactJson([
                    'tags' => $tags->pluck('name'),
                ]);
        }

        public function testReturnsEmptyTagsList(): void
        {
            $response = $this->getJson('/api/tags');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertExactJson(['tags' => []]);
        }

        public function testTagResource(): void
        {
            /** @var Tag $tag */
            $tag = Tag::factory()->create();

            $resource = new TagResource($tag);

            /** @var Request $request */
            $request = $this->mock(Request::class);

            $tagResource = $resource->toArray($request);

            $this->assertSame(['name' => $tag->name], $tagResource);
        }
    }
    
   |            +---- User
   |                  +---- ShowUserTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\User;

    use App\Jwt;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class ShowUserTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testShowUser(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->getJson('/api/user');

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('user', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->whereType('token', 'string')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'username' => $user->username,
                                'email' => $user->email,
                                'bio' => $user->bio,
                                'image' => $user->image,
                            ])
                    )
                );

            $token = Jwt\Parser::parse($response['user']['token']);
            $this->assertTrue(Jwt\Validator::validate($token));
        }

        public function testShowUserWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->getJson('/api/user')
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }
    }
    
   |                  +---- UpdateUserTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Api\User;

    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Testing\Fluent\AssertableJson;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class UpdateUserTest extends TestCase
    {
        private User $user;

        protected function setUp(): void
        {
            parent::setUp();

            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $this->user = $user;
        }

        public function testUpdateUser(): void
        {
            $this->assertNotEquals($username = 'new.username', $this->user->username);
            $this->assertNotEquals($email = 'newEmail@example.com', $this->user->email);
            $this->assertNotEquals($bio = 'New bio information.', $this->user->bio);
            $this->assertNotEquals($image = 'https://example.com/image.png', $this->user->image);

            // update by one to check required_without_all rule
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', ['user' => ['username' => $username]])
                ->assertOk();
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', ['user' => ['email' => $email]])
                ->assertOk();
            $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', ['user' => ['bio' => $bio]]);
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', ['user' => ['image' => $image]]);

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJson(fn (AssertableJson $json) =>
                    $json->has('user', fn (AssertableJson $item) =>
                        $item->whereType('token', 'string')
                            ->whereAll([
                                'username' => $username,
                                'email' => $email,
                                'bio' => $bio,
                                'image' => $image,
                            ])
                    )
                );
        }

        /**
            * @dataProvider userProvider
            * @param array<mixed> $data
            * @param string|array<string> $errors
            */
        public function testUpdateUserValidation(array $data, $errors): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', $data);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid($errors);
        }

        public function testUpdateUserValidationUnique(): void
        {
            /** @var User $anotherUser */
            $anotherUser = User::factory()->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', [
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => $anotherUser->username,
                        'email' => $anotherUser->email,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertUnprocessable()
                ->assertInvalid(['username', 'email']);
        }

        public function testSelfUpdateUserValidationUnique(): void
        {
            $response = $this->actingAs($this->user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', [
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => $this->user->username,
                        'email' => $this->user->email,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertOk();
        }

        public function testUpdateUserSetNull(): void
        {
            /** @var User $user */
            $user = User::factory()
                ->state([
                    'bio' => 'not-null',
                    'image' => 'https://example.com/image.png',
                ])
                ->create();

            $response = $this->actingAs($user)
                ->putJson('/api/user', [
                    'user' => [
                        'bio' => null,
                        'image' => null,
                    ],
                ]);

            $response->assertOk()
                ->assertJsonPath('user.bio', null)
                ->assertJsonPath('user.image', null);
        }

        public function testUpdateUserWithoutAuth(): void
        {
            $this->putJson('/api/user')
                ->assertUnauthorized();
        }

        /**
            * @return array<int|string, array<mixed>>
            */
        public function userProvider(): array
        {
            $strErrors = ['username', 'email'];
            $allErrors = array_merge($strErrors, ['bio', 'image']);

            return [
                'required' => [[], 'any'],
                'wrong type' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => 123,
                        'email' => null,
                        'bio' => [],
                        'image' => 123.0,
                    ],
                ], $allErrors],
                'empty strings' => [[
                    'user' => [
                        'username' => '',
                        'email' => '',
                    ],
                ], $strErrors],
                'bad username' => [['user' => ['username' => 'user n@me']], 'username'],
                'not email' => [['user' => ['email' => 'not an email']], 'email'],
                'not url' => [['user' => ['image' => 'string']], 'image'],
            ];
        }
    }
    
   |      +---- Jwt
   |            +---- JwtValidatorTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Feature\Jwt;

    use App\Jwt\Builder;
    use App\Jwt\Generator;
    use App\Jwt\Validator;
    use App\Models\User;
    use Illuminate\Support\Carbon;
    use Tests\TestCase;

    class JwtValidatorTest extends TestCase
    {
            public function testValidateNullSignature(): void
            {
                $token = Builder::build()->getToken();

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

            public function testValidateInvalidSignature(): void
            {
                $token = Builder::build()->getToken();

                $token->setUserSignature('string');

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

            public function testValidateHeaders(): void
            {
                $token = Builder::build()
                    ->withHeader('typ', 'string')
                    ->getToken();

                $token->setUserSignature(Generator::signature($token));

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

            public function testValidateZeroExpiration(): void
            {
                $token = Builder::build()->getToken();

                $token->setUserSignature(Generator::signature($token));

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

            public function testValidateExpiration(): void
            {
                $previousDay = (int) Carbon::now()->subDay()->timestamp;
                $token = Builder::build()
                    ->expiresAt($previousDay)
                    ->getToken();

                $token->setUserSignature(Generator::signature($token));

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

            public function testValidateNonExistentUser(): void
            {
                $previousDay = Carbon::now()->addDay()->unix();
                $token = Builder::build()
                    ->expiresAt($previousDay)
                    ->withClaim('sub', 123)
                    ->getToken();

                $token->setUserSignature(Generator::signature($token));

                $this->assertFalse(Validator::validate($token));
            }

        public function testValidateToken(): void
        {
            $user = User::factory()->create();
            $previousDay = (int) Carbon::now()->addDay()->timestamp;

            $token = Builder::build()
                ->expiresAt($previousDay)
                ->subject($user)
                ->getToken();

            $token->setUserSignature(Generator::signature($token));

            $this->assertTrue(Validator::validate($token));
        }
    }
    
   +---- TestCase.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests;

    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\LazilyRefreshDatabase;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\TestCase as BaseTestCase;

    abstract class TestCase extends BaseTestCase
    {
        use CreatesApplication, LazilyRefreshDatabase;
    }
    
   +---- Unit
   |      +---- Jwt
   |            +---- JwtParserTest.php

    <?php

    namespace Tests\Unit\Jwt;

    use App\Exceptions\JwtParseException;
    use App\Jwt\Parser;
    use JsonException;
    use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

    class JwtParserTest extends TestCase
    {
        public function testParseParts(): void
        {
            $this->expectException(JwtParseException::class);

            Parser::parse('string');
        }

        public function testParseNotBase64(): void
        {
            $this->expectException(JwtParseException::class);

            Parser::parse('string@.string#.string*');
        }

        public function testParseNotJson(): void
        {
            $this->expectException(JsonException::class);

            Parser::parse('b25l.dHdv.dGhyZWU=');
        }
    }
    
   webpack.mix.js

    const mix = require('laravel-mix');

    /*
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        | Mix Asset Management
        |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
        |
        | Mix provides a clean, fluent API for defining some Webpack build steps
        | for your Laravel applications. By default, we are compiling the CSS
        | file for the application as well as bundling up all the JS files.
        |
        */

    mix.js('resources/js/app.js', 'public/js')
        .postCss('resources/css/app.css', 'public/css', [
            //
        ]);
    

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